Molecular Mechanisms of Bioactive Nutrients Promoting Human Health

Substantial evidence has supported that cellular oxidative damage and chronic neuroinflammation are potential mechanisms involved in the onset and development of non-communicable diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancers, and even neurodegenerative disease. Some bioactive nutrients, such as phytochemicals, antioxidant enzymes, peptides, polysaccharides, prebiotics, probiotics, essential fatty acids, rare amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, have positive effects on human health and could reduce the likelihood of developing numerous diseases, likely due to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying mechanism of how natural bioactive components respond to chronic human disease damage is unclear. In this Special Issue, we collected the latest findings, including those from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies, relating to the health-promoting role of bioactive nutrients or their cellular signaling and molecular mechanism in response to disease prevention.