Mystique of Bioceramics: A Comprehensive Guide to next Generation Biomaterials

Bioceramics are biocompatible, ceramic-based materials widely used in dentistry for their bioactivity, sealing ability, and regenerative potential. They are available as cements, putties, premixed sealers, hydroxyapatite coatings, powders, and scaffold blocks. Composition-wise, bioceramics include calcium silicate–based materials (MTA, Biodentine), calcium phosphate materials (hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate), bioactive glass, and zirconia-based ceramics. Based on biological behavior, they may be bioinert, bioactive, or bioresorbable. Bioceramics exhibit several desirable properties: excellent biocompatibility, the ability to form a hydroxyapatite layer on contact with tissue fluids, antibacterial action from their high pH, and moisture-tolerant setting. They are dimensionally stable, radiopaque, and promote both healing and tissue regeneration. In endodontics, bioceramics have become essential. Overall, bioceramics play a transformative role in modern dental practice.