The Myth of the Closed Mind: Understanding Why and How People Are Rational

In a time when many people are cynical about truth and rational argument, Ray Scott Percival topples erroneous presuppositions behind notions such as a "Post-Truth" society.

"It's like talking to a brick wall" and "We'll have to agree to disagree" are popular sayings referring to the frustrating experience of discussing issues with people who seem to be beyond the reach of argument. It's often claimed that some people--fundamentalists or fanatics--are indeed sealed off from rational criticism. And every month new pop psychology books appear, describing the dumb ways ordinary people make decisions, as revealed by psychological experiments. The conclusion is that all or most people are fundamentally irrational.

Ray Scott Percival sets out to demolish the whole notion of the closed mind and of human irrationality. There is a difference between making mistakes and being irrational. Though humans are prone to mistakes, they remain rational. In fact, making mistakes is a sign of rationality: a totally non-rational entity could not make a mistake. Rationality does not mean absence of error; it means the possibility of correcting error in the light of criticism. In this sense, all human beliefs are rational: they are all vulnerable to being abandoned when shown to be faulty.

Percival agrees that people cling stubbornly to their beliefs, but he maintains, first, that not being too ready to abandon one's beliefs is rational.

RAY SCOTT PERCIVAL is founder and editor (with Professor Barry McMullin, DCU) of the Karl Popper Web and was the organiser of the Annual Conference on the Philosophy of Sir Karl Popper, 1988-1998, both sponsored by the Open Society Institute and the London School of Economics. In 2000 he was listed by Barron's Who's Who as one of five hundred "world leaders for the new century." He has taught at the University of Lancaster and now teaches philosophy at the United Arab Emirates University. His YouTube channel is NaiveRealist.