NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (Progress in Inflammation Research)

During the past decades important breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). First, the implementation of low-dose methotrexate and other conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs was introduced as an effective treatment. Second, it was recognized that early immunomodu- tory treatment is crucial for controlling the disease and its long-term destructive effects more effectively. Parallel advances in research on the pathogenesis of RA and cytokine biology converged in identifying tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as a key factor in inflammation and matrix destruction. The concept arose that elevated TNF concentrations at the sites of inflammation were driving disease pathology, and the removal of excess TNF from sites of inflammation became a therapeutic goal. Clearly, TNF blockade has revolutionized the treatment of RA, as well as other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Anti-TNF treatment results in cli- cal benefit in a significant proportion of the patients, and it has provided proof of concept for the principle of targeted therapy. Despite the impressive disease-modifying effects of the TNF blockers, not all patients respond, and patients who exhibited an initial response may lose response due to the development of anti-drug antibodies (human anti-chimeric antibodies and human anti-human antibodies, respectively) and perhaps as a result of escape mechanisms related to the disease process. In fact, the majority of the patients still have disease activity in at least one or two actively inflamed joints.

The volume focuses on therapeutic targets that were identified after TNF blockade and that have recently been registered or are currently under development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Each chapter discusses the biological rationale in great detail, including in vitro work and work in animal models, and where appropriate, results from clinical trials.

The book is written by an international authorship of experts in this field. It is of interest to rheumatologists, immunologists, internists, investigators in immunology and rheumatology as well as the pharmaceutical industry.