Nanomaterial Based Biosensor for Periodontitis Detection: A Next-Generation Approach for Early and Precise Periodontal Diagnosis

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the progressive destruction of the supporting structures of teeth and remains a major cause of tooth loss worldwide. Conventional diagnostic approaches rely primarily on clinical examination and radiographic assessment, which often fail to detect the disease at its early stages. Recent advances in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for sensitive, rapid, and minimally invasive diagnostic strategies. This work explores the development and application of nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of periodontitis-associated biomarkers. By integrating functional nanomaterials such as metallic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanostructures, and nanocomposites, these biosensors demonstrate enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time detection capabilities. The proposed approach highlights the potential of nanoscale sensing platforms to enable early diagnosis, improved disease monitoring, and point-of-care periodontal assessment. Nanomaterial-based biosensors represent a promising step toward precision oral healthcare and next-generation periodontal diagnostics.