The New Rationalism; the Development of a Constructive Realism Upon the Basis of Modern Logic and Science, and Through the Criticism of Opposed Philosophical Systems

The New Rationalism; The Development Of A Constructive Realism Upon The Basis Of Modern Logic And Science, And Through The Criticism Of Opposed Philosophical Systems. This work presents a detailed defense of Realism as a pluralistic ontology and a rationalist method for understanding the universe. It argues against absolute monism and naïve reductions of all relations to causal interactions, proposing external relations as a central, non-substantive structure by which entities relate without necessarily altering one another. Knowing and the known are treated as externally related yet numerically distinct, with analysis in situ used to reveal how parts relate to wholes without transforming the objects known. Illusory objects—dreams, perceptual errors, and even certain complexes—are considered capable of real subsistence or objective relational status, broadening objectivity beyond appearances. The book lays out Realism’s basic hypotheses, including external relations, qualitative differences between knower and known, the reality of illusory objects, freedom of reason, external truth, and reliable analysis that preserves wholes. It also advances ontological pluralism, space-time as relational wholes, emergent complex wholes, autonomous values, and a realist, non?causal account of knowledge within a structured, multi-level cosmos.