Ninja, Their Organization and Financial Income

This book is adapted from the author's master's thesis completed in the Department of Social Anthropology at the National University of Mongolia. Based on firsthand ethnographic fieldwork carried out in Bayankhongor and Govi-Altai provinces, the study examines the emergence and development of artisanal gold mining ("Ninja" mining) in Mongolia. It analyzes the motivations that lead individuals to become Ninja miners, the organizational structure of Ninja mining groups, and the socioeconomic conditions and livelihoods of those involved.