Observation, Assessment, Planning and Documentation in the Early Years: The ?What, So What, Now What? Approach

This practical guide presents a clear step-by-step approach to observation, assessment and planning in early years and primary education with one powerful aim: to ensure that no child goes unseen. It transforms observation from a paperwork task into a meaningful way of understanding children's learning through a simple "What? So What? Now What?" framework.

Drawing on classroom experience and years of mentoring educators, the book combines clear explanations with real-life examples and reflective prompts. It guides readers through noticing and recording children's learning, making sense of observations, and planning responsive next steps.

Chapters cover:

• The “What, So What, Now What” observation process and what this looks like in practice
• Observing learning outdoors
• Embedding observation in daily practice
• Linking involvement, wellbeing and learning
• Making assessment work in practice including effective use of AI
• Planning and creating the conditions for responsive practice

Offering a fresh approach to observation that moves beyond tick-boxes and encourages authentic engagement with children's thinking and development, this is an essential resource for students on Early Childhood and Primary Education courses and practicing educators.

Clare Devlin is a freelance education consultant based in Northern Ireland. She specialises in Play, Creativity, Observation and Outdoor learning, offering bespoke in-person and online training and mentoring for educators working with children up to age 11. Clare played a key role in developing the Sure Start Two Year Old Programme in Northern Ireland