Current climate change research has shifted from single-sphere analysis to multi-sphere coupled studies. Land-atmosphere-ocean interactions, as a core scientific issue in this transition, are key to understanding global climate change and its regional impacts. This Special Issue focuses on this theme, systematically integrating the latest original research to reveal how complex energy and material exchange processes among the ocean, atmosphere, and land collectively shape climate change characteristics from local to global scales. Against the backdrop of global warming, land-atmosphere-ocean interactions are undergoing systematic reorganization, leading to increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events that pose severe threats to natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems. The research findings presented in this Special Issue demonstrate a significant shift from single-process analysis to multi-sphere coupled studies. The results presented in this Special Issue are critical for understanding the concepts that govern land-atmosphere-ocean interactions and improving climate prediction accuracy. They also serve as the foundation for developing scientifically sound adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change. This issue focuses on the distinctive properties and patterns of these interactions under climate change and how they affect regional and global temperatures through complex chains using interdisciplinary methodologies such as theoretical derivation, observational data analysis, and numerical modeling.

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We first started out as ?The Paperback Exchange,? a chain of physical bookstores where we would part exchange your beloved books for new stories to transport you to faraway places. However, as shopping started to evolve to online shops and marketplaces, we bid our stores goodbye to become ?PBShop.? This transition has only allowed us to blossom as we now ship thousands of titles to book lovers across the globe. We pride ourselves in being a community of local book lovers which allows our passion and devotion to shine in everything we do. In 2020 we not only celebrated our 20th birthday but our 1st birthday as being completely employee owned after becoming an E.O.T in September 2019. We are proud to be different and embrace standing apart on a book mountain by working from a virtual inventory which allows us to provide thousands of books that may be difficult to get for your bookshelf or your studies. Working with a number of different suppliers allows us to explore other avenues such as puzzles, sheet music and even stationery so we really do have something for everyone. Life is about being versatile in all realms of existence. If this is your first visit or you are a returning customer, we would like to welcome you to the PBShop family, for there is no friend as loyal as a book. We are a company who put our customers at the centre of everything we do as we understand the importance of reading because once you learn to read, you will forever be free. There are a whole lot of things in this world of ours that we are yet to explore, which is why we will forever inspire curious minds.

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