Origin and Evolution of Earth and Life: Towards the Establishment of Astro Bioscience from Universe to Genome

With the development of exploring technology of the universe, the number of exoplanets is now assumed to exceed 20 billion or one order magnitude greater than our expectation. Because of overwhelming abundance of exoplanets, people think optimistic about the presence of Earthlike exoplanet and abundance of life forms in the universe. Indeed, Earth-like sized exoplanets might be common in the universe, however, it does not mean life emerged on such planets. Moreover, it is unclear whether highly civilized life forms are present. What is life? What is conditions for the emergence of life? What is life’s evolution? To answer these fundamental questions, only Earth can provide obvious evidence. Therefore, when we discuss Astro Bioscience, we need to understand the research for Earth’s life. In this paper, we summarize the frontier of those Earth’s life researches which have been progressing through our research project with 48 research organizations from 28 countries.