Orthodontic Root Resorption

Orthodontic root resorption is a common, usually mild and self-limiting consequence of orthodontic tooth movement, characterized by the loss of apical root structure due to pressure-induced remodeling of the periodontal ligament and surrounding bone. It occurs when excessive or prolonged orthodontic forces stimulate clastic cell activity, leading to resorption of cementum and dentin. Most cases are clinically insignificant; however, severe resorption may compromise tooth stability. Risk factors include magnitude and duration of force, individual susceptibility, root morphology, and previous trauma. Early diagnosis through radiographic monitoring and careful force control are essential to minimize its progression.