Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders

As the average life expectancy of many populations throughout the world increases, so to does the incidence of such age-related neurodegenerative disorders as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics and environmental factors that either cause or increase risk for age-related neurodegenerative disor­ ders have been made in the past decade. The ability to evaluate, at the cellular and molecular level, abnormalities in postmortem brain tissue from patients, when taken together with the development of valuable animal and cell-culture models of neurodegenerative disorders has allowed the identification of sequences of events within neurons that result in their demise in specific neurodegenerative disorders. Though the genetic and environmental factors that pro­ mote neurodegeneration may differ among disorders, shared biochemical cascades that will ultimately lead to the death of neurons have been identified. These cascades involve oxyradical production, aberrant regulation of cellular ion homeostasis and activation of a stereotyped sequence of events involving mitochondrial dysfunction and activa­ tion of specific proteases. Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders provides a timely compilation of articles that encompasses fundamental mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, mechanisms that may prevent age-related neurodegenerative disorders are presented. Each chapter is written by an expert in the particular neurodegenerative disorder or mechanism or neuronal death discussed.

Recent scientific advances have dramatically expanded our understanding of the molecular, genetic, and environmental factors that either cause or contribute to a wide variety of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. In Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders, leading experts detail the cellular and molecular cascades that cause selective degeneration of neuronal populations, and illuminate those factors that are critical to the facilitation or suppression of these neuropathologic processes. Working from studies of human patients, as well as from cell culture and animal models, the authors demonstrate a heretofore unrecognized convergence of the causative pathogenetic mechanisms for many clinically distinct neurological disorders. At center stage are the biochemical and molecular cascades that will ultimately lead to neuronal death-cascades involving oxyradical production, aberrant regulation of cellular ion homeostasis, activation of specific proteases, and activation of a stereotyped sequence of events involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Individual chapters examine how these mechanisms-along with genetic and environmental factors-operate in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down's syndrome, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Pioneering and richly insightful, Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders offers a critical and integrative summary of the cutting-edge research findings that illuminate the common genetic, cellular, and molecular bases of many neurological disorders today that promise powerful new preventive and treatment approaches in future.