Personalized Approaches to Spine Surgery: Innovations and Future Directions

This Reprint brings together research, reviews, and communications on personalized approaches to spine surgery and the evolving technologies that support individualized diagnosis, surgical planning, intervention, and recovery. The contributions address painful degenerative spinal disorders from the perspectives of precision imaging, big data, genomics, biomarkers, artificial intelligence, robotics, navigation, augmented and virtual reality, 3D printing, minimally invasive techniques, regenerative strategies, implant biocompatibility, pain management, rehabilitation, and patient-specific outcomes. Collectively, the Reprint emphasizes how personalized medicine can improve decision making, refine surgical indications, support targeted interventions, and advance patient-centered spine care.