Photochemistry
Language: English
Published by Royal Society of Chemistry, 1995
- Hardcover
- New
Seller: moluna, Greven, Germanymoluna
AbeBooks seller since July 9, 2020
Condition: New
US$ 526.71
Quantity: Over 20 available
Add to basketItem description from seller
Seller Inventory # 595098141
- Title
- Photochemistry
- Author
- Cundall, R. B.
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Publication year
- 1995
- Condition
- New
- Binding
- Hardcover
- Language
- English
- ISBN 10
- 0854044000
- ISBN 13
- 9780854044009
The breadth of scientific and technological interests in the general topic of photochemistry is truly enormous and includes, for example, such diverse areas as microelectronics, atmospheric chemistry, organic synthesis, non-conventional photoimaging, photosynthesis, solar energy conversion, polymer technologies, and spectroscopy. This Specialist Periodical Report on Photochemistry aims to provide an annual review of photo-induced processes that have relevance to the above wide-ranging academic and commercial disciplines, and interests in chemistry, physics, biology and technology. In order to provide easy access to this vast and varied literature, each volume of Photochemistry comprises sections concerned with photophysical processes in condensed phases, organic aspects which are sub-divided by chromophore type, polymer photochemistry, and photochemical aspects of solar energy conversion. Volume 34 covers literature published from July 2001 to June 2002. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.
"Synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Photochemistry Volume 26
A Review of the Literature Published Between July 1993 and June 1994
By A. GilbertThe Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
Contents
Introduction and Review of the Year By Andrew Gilbert, 1,
Part I Physical Aspects of Photochemistry, 15,
Photophysical Processes in Condensed Phases By Robert B. Cundall, 17,
Part II Organic Aspects of Photocbernistry, 69,
Chapter 1 Photolysis of Carbonyl Compounds By William M. Horspool, 71,
Chapter 2 Enone Cycloadditions and Rearrangements; Photoreactions of Dienones and Quinones By William M. Horspool, 88,
Chapter 3 Photochemistry of Alkenes, Alkynes, and Related Compounds By William M. Horspool, 139,
Chapter 4 Photochemistry of Aromatic Compounds By Alan C. Weedon, 171,
Chapter 5 Photo-reduction and axidation By Alan Cox, 235,
Chapter 6 Photoreactions of Compounds containing Heteroatoms other than Oxygen By Stewart T. Reid, 274,
Chapter 7 Photoelimination By Stewart T. Reid, 326,
Part III Polymer Photochemistry By Norman S. Allen, 359,
Part IV Photochemical Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion By Alan Cox, 427,
Author Index, 439,
CHAPTER 1
Part I
Physical Aspects of Photochemistry
By Robert B. Cundall
Photophysical Processes in Condensed Phases
BY ROBERT B. CUNDALL
Activity in the area of photophysics has certainly not diminished, although published papers on the topic tend to be more esoteric in their nature. As noted in last year's review, the nature of ultrafast processes and their role in many diverse types of photochemical systems are now being clarified. The theme of charge transfer effects remains dominant and the fullerenes still probably lead the field as far as a compound group which are at present being selected for photochemical examination.
1 General
Reviews and compilations of related papers are helpful guides to the extensive publications appearing every year. The Handbook of Photochemistry, now in its second edition, provides a valuable reference manual for the photochemist. Most aspects of ultrafast dynamics are covered in the book edited by Simon, and Zewai1 has provided an authoritative overview of femtochemistry as an introduction to issue 48 of the Journal of Physical Chemistry (1993) which provides the manuscripts of papers presented at an international conference held in Berlin. The comprehensive biennial review of luminescence which appears in Analytical Chemistry (1994) lists 477 references. Another conference proceedings edited by Wolfbeis deals with methods and applications of fluorescence spectro-scopy. Issue 50 in the Journal of Physical Chemistry (1993) which is a memorial to the late G.L. Closs has many papers of photophysical interest. A two-volume monograph describes advances in an area extending due to an improving combination of instrumental and computing techniques, namely multidimensional luminescence. The third volume in the review series edited by Lakowicz covers some highly topical biochemical applications of fluorescence spectroscopy which is very relevant to physical photochemistry. A special issue of the Journal of Biophysical Chemistry deals in sixteen papers with many aspects of time resolved optical spectroscopy over the temporal range of femto-seconds to seconds. Photophysical aspects of some condensed systems are treated in a monograph by Di Bartoli and Beckwith on the properties of excited states in solids, and also amongst the 104 papers presented at the 9th International Conference on Dynamical Process in Excited States of Solids there are a number of direct relevance to the theme of this review.
Theoretical contributions to photochemistry during the year have not been extensive and cover a diversity of topics. The theory of nonadiabatic transitions at crossings of potential surfaces is developed in a nonperturbative approach to the understanding of non-Condon effects. A purely theoretical paper analyses in detail the effect of temperature, the size of the energy gap, and distortion of the potential energy surface on the efficiency of photoinduced electron transfer. The influence of environmental polarity and molecular rigidity on the absorption and fluorescence parameters and intersystem crossing rates has been examined for an extensive selection of aromatic molecules. Smoluchowski theory has been extended by Molski to include the effect of unimolecular processes which can occur in fluorescence quenching. The effect of both static quenching and light pulse intensity on time dependent fluorescence quenching is very significant for the analysis of experimental data in time resolved systems.
The influence of fluorescence depolarization in isotropic solutions and ordered systems is assessed in the context of time resolved polarized fluorometry and the steady state optical polarization anisotropy of rod-like molecules undergoing torsional twisting has also been examined. Intramolecular rotational effects on radiationless transitions have been exemplified by a detailed examination of the specific case of pyrazine and then extended further by observing the effect of external magnetic fields on transitions in typical azines.
Theory related and essential to the utilization of experimental techniques is developed in a number of papers. These deal with the determination of dipole moments in excited states by fluorescence in electric fields', the relation of solvatochromism to dielectric constant of solvent, and femtosecond Fourier-transform spectroscopy of inter-molecular motions in weakly interacting liquids. The theory and experimental aspects of non-Markovian optical dephasing dynamics in liquids are investigated by fs transient absorption spectroscopy for the particular case of an infra-red dye in ethylene glycol. The theory for examining optical coherent transients observed with fast and ultrafast optical diphasing is discussed by Osadko. Third order polarization effects seen in fs polarization spectra can be treated by a density matrix.
A number of new experimental techniques have been described. These include a photobleaching method for measuring ultraslow reorientation near and below the glass transition for tetracene in o-terphenyl over the timescale 10-2 to 104.5 s. A laserdrop method has been used for multiple photon chemistry with a pulsed laser for following the reactions of diphenylmethyl and cumyloxyl radicals. A new fluorescence decay measuring system with single photon counting gives both time and spectral resolution simultaneously. An on-the-fly fluorescence lifetime detection system for HPLC uses Fourier transform phase modulation to detect fluorescence lifetimes of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A fluorescence demodulation method for determining fluorescence decays using two beating ring dye lasers has been reported and used with rhodamine 640 and rose bengal. A new signal processing scheme has been used for the phase-locked detection of different fluorescence lifetimed, error analysis for the measurement of fluorescence lifetimes in ultradilute dye solutions has been re-examined, and the mathematical technique used for recursive convolution analysis of decay data has been extended further. Data processing of experimentally determined fluorescence decays involving the global analysis of unmatched polarized fluorescence decay curves has been used with solutions of resorufin and cresyl violet in 1-propanol and a new reconvolution analysis technique for time resolved fluorescence has been reported. The global target analysis of fluorescence depolarization in model membranes has been applied to the widely employed DPH (diphenylhexatriene) probe. Time resolved fluorescence has been applied to the measurement of rate constants for reversible intramolecular two-state processes and for the effect of added quenchers, quenching reactions between ions in aqueous solution and the associated effect of temperature, and non-equilibrium effects on the kinetics of fluorescence quenching. An interesting technique for probing biosensor interfaces employs multifrequency phase and modulation of total internal reflection fluorescence. A description of a system for time resolved intracellular imaging using the fluorescence of disulfonated aluminium phthalocyanine has been published. A modified phase modulation spectro-fluorometer has been designed specifically for detection of both time resolved and steady state circular dichroism. A microfluorimeter for studying nonstationary dynamics of excimer formation in two- dimensional fluids has been used for the study of pyrene labelled lecithin in DMPC films. A pulsed laser diode excitation system has been used to good effect in the measurement of ps lifetimes in infra-red emitting dyes.
Single molecule spectroscopy is rapidly developing as a technique as discussed in the papers by Moerner and Orrit et al. Single-molecule spectroscopy with polarized light and Stark and pressure effects on such systems are reported in work carried out by Wild's group. Fluorescence microscopy of single molecules of pentacene in host crystals and polymer at low temperatures allow location of the molecule in space to be made within 0.5ps. Single photon detection of single rhodamine 6G molecules has been demonstrated in the observation of fluorescence from levitated microdroplets. Fs transient absorption micro-spectrophotometry combined with optical trapping techniques has been used for dyes in liquid droplets and also for perylene crystals'. Microdroplets can constitute excellent cavity radiators due to the possibility of internal reflection; the theory and description of this interesting behaviour has been described. A useful review has also appeared on the developing subject of time resolved fluorescence microscopy. Zinc tetraphenylporphyrin in individual droplets of tributyl phosphate has been made the subject of a detailed optical study.
A very sensitive detector for PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in capillary electrophoresis using luminescence allows detection of (3-15)x10-20 mol and the response of the system has been found to be linear over a concentration range of four orders of magnitude. Sensitive fluorescence detection using laser diodes and multiplex dyes for excitation offer applications which are also likely to be useful. The analysis of multicomponent mixtures is possible by the use of Fourier transformation to luminescence data as demonstrated with mixtures of dyes and PAH. A dual linear image sensor can be used to measure transient absorption spectra in the ps time regime, a streak system design and performance are discussed for their use in time resolved spectroscopy, and a microprocessor controlled system designed for this purpose has also been described.
Another new instrument which has been reported yields an excitation-emission matrix and associated polarization measurements with high sensitivity. Synchronous luminescence has been determined by means of a battery-operated portable spectrofluorimeter, the analysis of organic rich fluid inclusions exemplified by oil analysis in cement, and in a new spectral format a lifetime synchronous system which uses phase resolved fluorescence spectroscopy gives the decay time as a function of emission wavelength. A portable dye laser spectrofluorimeter using optical fibres which can be used for examining in vivo human tissue shows promise for the detection of disease states. This could be a very significant development in the application of luminescence spectroscopy. A high repetition rate, ps time resolved, resonance Raman spectroscopy equipment has also been described. A simple phosphorimeter capable of measuring both spectra and lifetimes employing pulse excitation suitable for undergraduate teaching is likely to be useful, as is also a published design of a simple liquid N2 gas flow cryostat for variable temperature luminescence studies'.
A laser excited confocal fluorescence gel scanner suitable for the detection of labelled nucleic acids and a fibre optic confocal fluorimeter using fibre optics capable of depth resolution with a microscope is adaptable to work with living tissue.
Trace level detection by time resolved two-photon excited fluorescence involves very low absorption cross-sections and the elimination of background emission by a blank presents problems which have been assessed. Adventitious light scattering is an artefact which can affect fluorescence anisotropy measurements which are made with front face viewing and some, but not all, of the problems encountered in correcting fluorescence spectra are reviewed from a photo-biological standpoint. There is also a need for correction of the effects of unequal intensities of left and right circularly polarized light in steady state and lifetime resolved fluorescence detected CD.
Examination of the excited state behaviour of thermally stable radical ions by emission needs some care since side products often cause an interfering luminescence. Also the short lifetimes of these species restrict the possibilities for use of these materials as sensitizers.
Phenolenone has been shown to be a useful reference compound for measuring the quantum yield of 1O2 (1Δg) sensitization, Φ = 0.95 [+ or -] 0.05 in 13 oxygen saturated solvents. Potassium iodide proves to be a convenient chemical actinometer for 254nm light which is blind to any effect of longer wavelengths. Using N2O saturated solutions to eliminate recombination of transients, the quantum yield is reported to be 0.22 to 0.26. The photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole is a chemical system capable of monitoring changes in environmentally significant UVB intensity; the quantum yield is approximately 0.47.
Photophysical techniques applied to problems of general interest are illustrated by the use of pyrene to investigate self association of alcohol in aqueous solution by measuring the ratio of the I1/I3 fluorescence bands and also for examining the local polarity within supercritical fluid/liquid solutions. A useful review covers the application of spectral hole burning spectroscopy techniques in the study of amorphous molecular solids and proteins. Another paper published during the year overviews the use of selective spectroscopy in solid solutions, Shpolskii matrices and LB films.
Another timely paper relevant to topical research discusses the problems involved in measuring quantum yields in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Photocoustic calorimetry is probably not as widely used in photochemistry as it should be. Peters reviews the subject in an article covering a wide range of systems and recent developments in time resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy are also surveyed by Crippa et al. Quantum efficiency measurements made by this technique in solids have also been reported. Thermal lensing methodology has been applied to measuring photoinitiating reactions brought about by triplet states of benzophenone. The use of a fibre optic pressure sensor and nonradiative deactivation of excited states in thin films are other reports on the application of photoacoustic calorimetry.
A paper appearing during the year deals with possibilities for introducing fluorescence anisotropy as a topic in undergraduate teaching. Another paper in the series discussing aspects of industrial photochemistry deals with the warping of samples which occurs in laser flash induced polymerization.
2 Singlet State Processes
Three papers discuss the photophysics of thiophosgene, where the S2 state is significantly involved as is the case in many other sulfur compounds. Self association of this compound is also found to be significant in perfluoralkane solvents.
Other studies on aliphatic systems are a high resolution induced fluorescence of 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), a theoretical analysis of PE surface crossing in acrolein which serves as model for α,β-enones where there is an interplay possible between S0, S1, T2, and T1 states, and the effect of hydrogen bonding on formamide and N-methylformamide excited states which occur on the fs timescale.
Foote has reviewed the extensive studies which have been made on photo-physical and photochemical properties of fullerenes. A new aspect of this very active topic is the attention also now being given to the properties of the highly excited states of fullerenes. A careful examination of the fluorescence of C60 and C70 in cyclohexane at room temperature has precisely assigned the 0-0 transition which shows that there is a very small Stokes shift. Another photoluminescence study of C60 and C70 allows better assignment of the energies of the S1 states and shows the small S1-T1 state separation. These measurements have been carried out in a variety of solvent media. Ps laser studies of the photophysical properties of C70 give S1 [right arrow] Sn and T1 [right arrow] Tn, absorption data over the range 400-1150nm and report that the decay time τ(S1 [right arrow] T1) = 530 [+ or -] 40ps. The fluorescence of (5,6)-fullerene 70 in room temperature solution has been studied as a function of exciting wavelength. The lack of dependence of the spectrum and quantum yield observed shows that decomposition does not compete with rapid internal conversion of the upper states to S1. Nonlinear behaviour of absorption is apparent in the optical spectra of solid fullerene C60.
The fluorescence anisotropy decay and its behaviour in viscous medium of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran has been reported by Brocklehurst and Young. Little work has been reported during the year on the benzene systems except for a theoretical study on the internal conversion which occurs in bemene and a fs time resolved transient bleaching examination of the benzene excimer in the neat liquid. The time resolved nonpolar solvation dynamics in supercooled and low viscosity solutions of n-butylbenzene and dimethyl-s-tetrazine are determined and an examination is made of the associated Stokes shift. Fluorescence has been used to study relaxation of excited states in phenylsiloxanes and the vibrational structure of the electronic absorption spectra of 4,4'-disubstituted azobenzene derivatives has also been examined. A theoretical investigation of PE surfaces is relevant to excited hydrogen transfer occurring in the case of o-hydroxybenz-aldehyde.
(Continues...)
Excerpted from Photochemistry Volume 26 by A. Gilbert. Copyright © 1995 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Excerpted by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
"About the title" may belong to another edition of this title.
Shipping rates from Germany to U.S.A.
| Item | 26 to 60 business days | 26 to 60 business days |
|---|---|---|
| First item | US$ 56.74 | US$ 56.74 |
Payment methods
- Bank Wire Transfer
- Check
- Paypal
Store description
Seller's business information
Moluna GmbH
Engberdingdamm 27
Greven, Germany 48268
Terms of sale
Instructions for revocation/
Standard Business Terms and customer information/ data protection declaration
Revocation right for consumers
(A ‘consumer’ is any natural person who concludes a legal transaction which, to an overwhelming extent, cannot be attributed to either his commercial or independent professional activities.)
Instructions for revocation
Revocation right
You have the right to revoke this contract within one month without specifying any reasons.
The revocation period is one month with effect from the day,
-
on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the products, provided you had ordered one or more products within the scope of a standard order and this/these product/products is/are delivered uniformly;
-
on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the last product, provided you had ordered several products within the scope of a standard order and these products are delivered separately;
-
on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the last part delivery or the last unit, provided you had ordered a product, which is delivered in several part deliveries or units;
In order to exercise your revocation right, you must inform us (Moluna GmbH, Engberdingdamm 27, 48268 Greven, Telephone number: 02571/5 69 89 33, Fax number: 02571/5 69 89 30, E-Mail address: abe@moluna.de) of your decision to revoke this contract by means of a clear declaration (e.g. a letter sent via post, fax or email). You can use the enclosed specimen revocation form for this, which however is not mandatory.
In order to safeguard the revocation period, it is sufficient that you send the notification about the exercise of the revocation right before the expiry of the revocation period.
Consequences of the revocation
If you revoke this contract, we shall repay all the payments, which we received from you, including the delivery costs (with the exception of additional costs, which arise from that fact that you selected a form of delivery other than the most reasonable standard delivery offered by us), immediately and at the latest within 14 days from the day on which we received the notification about the revocation of this contract from you. We use the same means of payment, which you had originally used during the original transaction, for this repayment unless expressly agreed otherwise with you; you will not be charged any fees owing to this repayment.
We can refuse the repayment until the products are returned to us or until you have furnished evidence that you have sent the products back to us, depending on whichever is earlier.
You must return or transfer the products to us immediately and, in any case, at the latest within 14 days with effect from the day on which you inform us of the revocation of this contract. The deadline is maintained if you send the products before the expiry of the 14 day deadline.
You bear the direct costs for returning the products.
You must pay for any depreciation of the products only if this depreciation can be attributed to any handling with you that was not necessary for checking the condition, features and functionality of the products.
Criteria for exclusion or expiry
The revocation right is not available for contracts
for delivery of products, which are not prefabricated and for whose manufacturing an individual selection or stipulation by the consumer is important or which are clearly tailored to the personal requirements of the consumer;
for delivery of products, which can spoil quickly or whose use-by date would be exceeded quickly;
for delivery of alcoholic drinks, whose price was agreed at the time of concluding the contract, which however can be delivered 30 days after the conclusion of the contract at the earliest and whose current value depends on the fluctuations in the market, on which the entrepreneur has no influence;
for delivery of newspapers, periodicals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts.
The revocation right expires prematurely in case of contracts
for delivery of sealed products, which are not suitable for return for reasons of health protection or hygiene if their seal has been removed after the delivery;
for delivery of products if they have been mixed inseparably with other goods after the delivery, owing to their condition;
for delivery of sound or video recording or computer software in a sealed package if the seal has been removed after the delivery.
Specimen - revocation form
(If you wish to revoke the contract, please fill up this form and send it back to us.)
-
To Moluna GmbH, Münsterstr. 105, 48268 Greven, Fax number: 02571/5 69 89 30, Email address: abe@moluna.de :
-
I/we () herewith revoke the contract concluded by me/ us () regarding the purchase of the following products ()/
the provision of the following service () -
Ordered on ()/ received on ()
-
Name of the consumer(s)
-
Address of the consumer(s)
-
Signature of the consumer(s) (only in case of a notification on paper)
-
Date
(*) Cross out the incorrect option.
Standard Business Terms and customer information / data protection declaration
I. Standard business terms
§ 1 Basic provisions
(1) The following terms and conditions of business apply for all contracts concluded with us as the supplier (Moluna GmbH) via the websites AbeBooks and/or ZVAB. Unless otherwise agreed, the inclusion of your own terms and conditions is explicitly rejected.
(2) A ‘consumer’ in the sense of the following regulations is every natural person who concludes a legal transaction which, to an overwhelming extent, cannot be attributed to either his commercial or independent professional activities. The term ‘businessman’ refers to every natural person, legal person or legally responsible partnership that concludes a legal transaction in pursuance of his/its independent professional or commercial activity.
§ 2 Conclusion of the contract
(1) The subject-matter of the contract is the selling of products .
(2) If an article is placed by us with AbeBooks or ZVAB, the activation of the page on AbeBooks or ZVAB shall involve the binding offer to conclude a contract under the terms and conditions contained in the article page.
(3) The contract shall become effective via the online shopping cart system as follows:
The products intended for purchase are moved to the "shopping cart". You can select the "Shopping Cart" using the appropriate buttons on the navigation bar and make changes there at any time.
After calling up the “Checkout” page and entering the required personal data and payment and shipping conditions, all order information is then displayed again on the order summary page.
Before submitting the order, you have the ability once more to review or change any information here (you may also use the "back" button on the Internet browser), or to cancel the purchase.
By clicking the “Buy now” button to submit the order, you declare your legally binding acceptance of the order which makes the contract effective.
(4) The execution of the order and the sending of all the details necessitated by the conclusion of the contract take place via e-mail, in a partially-automated manner. Consequently, you have to ensure that the e-mail address that you have deposited with us is the correct one, and that the receipt of the respective e-mails is guaranteed. In particular, you have to ensure that the respective e-mails are not blocked by a SPAM filter.
§ 3 Right of retention, reservation of proprietary rights
(1) You can only exercise a right of retention if the situation in question involves claims arising from the same contractual relationship.
(2) The goods remain our property until the purchase price is paid in full.
(3) If you are a businessman, the following conditions also apply:
a) We retain ownership of the goods until all the claims arising from the ongoing business relationship have been settled in full. The goods subject to retention of title may not be pledged or transferred by way of security before ownership of the said goods changes hands.
b) You can re-sell the goods within the framework of an orderly transaction. In this regard, you hereby cede all the claims amounting to the magnitude of the billing amount that accrue to you as a result of the re-selling operation to us, and we accept the cession. Furthermore, you are authorised to collect the claim in question. However, insofar as you do not discharge your payment obligations in an orderly fashion, we reserve the right to collect the claim ourselves.
c) In a situation involving the combination and amalgamation of the goods subject to retention of title, we acquire co-ownership of the newly-formed item. This co-ownership corresponds to the ratio that exists between the invoice value of the goods subject to retention of title and the other processed items at the time of processing.
d) If you make a request of this nature, we shall be obligated to release the securities that are due to us, to the extent that the realisable value of our securities exceeds the claim to be secured by more than 10%. We are responsible for selecting the securities to be released.
§ 4 Warranty
(1) The statutory warranty rights are applicable.
(2) As a consumer, you are requested to promptly check the product for completeness, visible defects and transport damage as soon as it is delivered, and promptly disclose your complaints to us and the shipping company in writing. Even if you do not comply with this request, it shall have no effect on your legal warranty claims.
(3) If a characteristic of the goods deviates from the objective requirements, the deviation shall only be deemed to be agreed if you were informed of the same by us before submitting the contractual declaration and the deviation was expressly and separately agreed between the contracting parties.
(4)
Insofar as you are an entrepreneur, the following shall apply in deviation from the above warranty provisions:
a) Only our own specifications and the manufacturer's product description shall be deemed agreed as the quality of the goods, but not other advertising, public promotions and statements by the manufacturer.
b) In the event of defects, we shall, at our discretion, provide warranty by rectification of the defect or subsequent delivery. If the rectification of defects fails, you may, at your option, demand a reduction in price or withdraw from the contract. The rectification of defects shall be deemed to have failed after a second unsuccessful attempt, unless the nature of the goods or the defect or other circumstances indicate otherwise. In the event of rectification of defects, we shall not be obliged to bear the increased costs arising from the transport of the goods to a place other than the place of performance, unless such transport is in accordance with the intended use of the goods.
c) The warranty period shall be one year from delivery of the goods. The shortening of the period shall not apply
- for culpable damage attributable to us arising from injury to life, limb or health and for other damage caused intentionally or by gross negligence;
- insofar as we have fraudulently concealed the defect or have assumed a guarantee for the quality of the item;
- in the case of items which have been used for a building in accordance with their customary use and have caused its defectiveness;
- in the case of statutory rights of recourse that you may assert against us in connection with rights arising from defects.
§ 5 Choice of law, place of fulfilment, jurisdiction
(1) German law shall apply. This choice of law only applies to customers if it does not result in the revocation of the protection guaranteed by the mandatory provisions of the law of the country in which the respective customer’s usual place of residence is located (benefit-of-the-doubt principle).
(2) If you are not a consumer, but a businessman, a legal entity under public law or an institutional fund governed by public law, our place of business is the place of jurisdiction as well as the place of fulfilment for all services that follow from the business relationships that exist with us. The same condition applies to situations in which you are not associated with a general place of jurisdiction in Germany or the EU, as well as situations in which the place of residence or the usual place of residence is not known at the time of commencement of proceedings. This has no bearing on the capacity to call upon the court associated with another place of jurisdiction.
(3) The provisions of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods are explicitly inapplicable.
II. Customer information
- Identity of the seller
Moluna GmbH
Engberdingdamm 27
48268 Greven
Germany
Telephone: 02571/5698933
E-Mail: abe@moluna.de
- Information regarding the conclusion of the contract
The technical steps associated with the conclusion of the contract, the contract conclusion itself and the correction options are executed in accordance to the regulations "conclusion of the contract" in our standard business terms (part I.).
- Contractual language, saving the text of the contract
3.1 Contract language shall be English.
3.2 The complete text of the contract is not saved with us. Before the order is sent, the contract data can be printed out or electronically saved using the browser’s print function. After the order is received by us, the order data, the legally-mandated details related to distance selling contracts and the standard business terms are re-sent to you via e-mail.
- Main features of the product or service
The key features of the goods and/or services can be found in the respective quote.
- Prices and payment arrangements
5.1 The prices mentioned in the respective offers represent total prices, as do the shipping costs. They include all the price components, including all the incidental taxes.
5.2 The dispatch costs that are incurred are not included in the purchase price. They can be viewed by clicking the appropriate button on our website or in the respective quote, are shown separately over the course of the order transaction and must additionally be borne by you, insofar as free delivery is not confirmed.
5.3 The payment methods that are available to you are shown by clicking the appropriate button on our website or are disclosed in the respective quote.
5.4 Unless otherwise specified for the respective payment methods, the payment claims arising from the contract that has been concluded become payable immediately.
- Delivery conditions
6.1 The delivery conditions, delivery date and existing supply restrictions, if applicable, can be found by clicking the appropriate button on our website or in the respective quote.
Unless a different period is specified in the item description or our delivery conditions, the goods are delivered within 3-5 days after the conclusion of the contract (in case an advance payment has been agreed upon, after the payment authorisation).
6.2 If you are a consumer, the following is statutorily regulated: The risk of the sold item accidentally being destroyed or degraded during shipping only passes over to you when the item in question is delivered, regardless of whether or not the shipping operation is insured. This condition does not apply if you have independently commissioned a transport company that has not been specified by us or a person who has otherwise been appointed to execute the shipping operation.
If you are a businessman, the delivery and shipping operations take place at your own risk.
- Statutory warranty right
Liability for defects is governed by the “Warranty” provisions in our General Terms and Conditions of Business (Part I).
last update: 01.01.2022
Data protection declaration
Unless stated otherwise below, the provision of your personal data is neither legally nor contractually obligatory, nor required for conclusion of a contract. You are not obliged to provide your data. Not providing it will have no consequences. This only applies as long as the processing procedures below do not state otherwise.
“Personal data” is any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.
Responsible person
Contact us at any time. The contact details of the person responsible for data processing can be found in our legal notice.
Collection, processing, and transfer of personal data in orders
When you submit an order we only collect and use your personal data insofar as this is necessary for the fulfilment and handling of your order as well as processing of your queries. The provision of data is necessary for conclusion of a contract. Failure to provide it will prevent the conclusion of any contract. The processing will occur on the basis of Article 6(1) b) GDPR and is required for the fulfilment of a contract with you.
Your data is transferred here for example to the shipping companies and dropshipping providers, payment service providers, service providers for handling the order and IT service providers that you have selected. We will comply strictly with legal requirements in every case. The scope of data transmission is restricted to a minimum.
Duration of storage
After contractual processing has been completed, the data is initially stored for the duration of the warranty period, then in accordance with the retention periods prescribed by law, especially tax and commercial law, and then deleted after the period has elapsed, unless you have agreed to further processing and use.
Rights of the affected person
If the legal requirements are fulfilled, you have the following rights according to art. 15 to 20 GDPR: Right to information, correction, deletion, restriction of processing, data portability. You also have a right of objection against processing based on art. 6 (1) GDPR, and to processing for the purposes of direct marketing, according to art. 21 (1) GDPR.
Right to complain to the regulatory authority
You have the right to complain to the regulatory authority according to art. 77 GDPR if you believe that your data is not being processed legally.
Right to object
If the data processing outlined here is based on our legitimate interests in accordance with Article 6(1)f) GDPR, you have the right for reasons arising from your particular situation to object at any time to the processing of your data with future effect.
If the objection is successful, we will no longer process the personal data, unless we can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing that outweigh your interests or rights and freedoms, or the processing is intended for the assertion, exercise or defence of legal claims.
last update: 10.01.2022