Predictive Coding Guru's Guide: Technology, Statistics, and Workflows

Predictive Coding is the process of training supervised machine-learning algorithms on pre-coded example documents, and then using the trained machine to automatically predict the coding of new documents collected in the legal eDiscovery process. While supervised machine-learning has been used for over 15 years in several applications (such as detecting spam in emails, disease in patients, human faces in pictures, likely customers from a marketing database, etc.), its adoption in eDiscovery has been slow. The key reasons include insufficient understanding of the technology (often perceived as a black box), improper use of statistics (often doubted for its applicability to natural language documents), and confusion around workflows currently used in the industry (often resulting in dissatisfactory results). This book intends to challenge the status quo with:

• Easy to understand explanation of fundamental concepts of predictive coding technology including the vector space model, feature selection, and general framework used by most predictive coding algorithms.
• Detailed explanation of the three most common algorithms used for predictive coding – k Nearest Neighbors (kNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) – in plain English.
• Walk-through of core concepts essential for applying and interpreting statistics correctly. Practical guidance on avoiding common errors and pitfalls.
• Lucid step-by-step explanation of the two general workflow approaches – Technology Assisted Review and Technology Suggested Review – currently used in the industry in several derivative forms.
• A new workflow – the Greedy Workflow – that delivers better results, and offers flexibility and other properties useful in the context of eDiscovery.

In addition, the book contains detailed results of testing the greedy workflow on two real eDiscovery datasets. The first dataset contained 216,594 documents excluding Excel files. The greedy workflow predictively coded 76% of the documents with 100% precision and 87% recall. The second dataset contained 93,982 Excel files only. The greedy workflow predictively coded 50% of the Excel files with 100% precision and 76% recall.

Rajiv Maheshwari is a Predictive Coding expert and founder/CEO of Probe Informatics (probe informatics.com), a semantic machine learning and predictive analytics technology company. He has designed and developed several innovative products and solutions over the last 15 years. He worked as Director of Global Engineering at Integreon, a leading provider of integrated legal solutions, where he headed the development of several software products & applications including EDRM solution suite. He held technology leadership positions including VP of Product Development and CTO in other software companies as well. His interests in technology include information retrieval, big data analytics, and cloud computing. Rajiv has a master's degree from Carnegie Mellon University's School of Business and a bachelor's degree in Computer Science & Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India. He enjoys golf, snowboarding and traveling around the World.