Principles and Applications of Electricity Balance in Hydropower Systems

This book assesses Albania’s electricity system, which is highly dependent on hydropower, by developing a Composite Electricity Balance Performance Index (EBPI) for 2000–2024. It integrates key indicators such as self-sufficiency, import dependency, and network losses to evaluate long-term performance trends. The analysis shows a steady and significant improvement in electricity balance, with reduced import reliance and lower transmission losses, especially after 2012. Results also highlight stable sectoral consumption patterns and confirm robustness across different model specifications. The study concludes that continued improvements in infrastructure efficiency and demand-side energy policies are essential for strengthening Albania’s hydropower-based electricity system.