ROLE OF BISPHOSPHONATES IN BONE HOMEOSTASIS: A Systematic Review

Bisphosphonates play a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. By reducing the breakdown of bone tissue, these drugs help preserve bone density and strength, which is essential in conditions where bone loss is accelerated, such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and bone metastases. Bisphosphonates bind strongly to bone mineral and are taken up by osteoclasts during resorption, leading to their dysfunction and eventual apoptosis. This shifts the balance of bone remodelling toward bone formation by osteoblasts, promoting overall skeletal stability. Additionally, bisphosphonates help regulate the bone remodelling process by influencing signalling pathways like the RANK/RANKL/OPG system, further contributing to the suppression of osteoclast activity and supporting long-term bone health.