Many of the world's states―from Algeria to Ireland to the United States―are the result of robust national movements that achieved independence. Many other national movements have failed in their attempts to achieve statehood, including the Basques, the Kurds, and the Palestinians. In Rebel Power, Peter Krause offers a powerful new theory to explain this variation focusing on the internal balance of power among nationalist groups, who cooperate with each other to establish a new state while simultaneously competing to lead it. The most powerful groups push to achieve states while they are in position to rule them, whereas weaker groups unlikely to gain the spoils of office are likely to become spoilers, employing risky, escalatory violence to forestall victory while they improve their position in the movement hierarchy. Hegemonic movements with one dominant group are therefore more likely to achieve statehood than internally competitive, fragmented movements due to their greater pursuit of victory and lesser use of counterproductive violence.
Krause conducted years of fieldwork in government and nationalist group archives in the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe, as well as more than 150 interviews with participants in the Palestinian, Zionist, Algerian, and Irish national movements. This research generated comparative longitudinal analyses of these four national movements involving 40 groups in 44 campaigns over a combined 140 years of struggle. Krause identifies new turning points in the history of these movements and provides fresh explanations for their use of violent and nonviolent strategies, as well as their numerous successes and failures. Rebel Power is essential reading for understanding not only the history of national movements but also the causes and consequences of contentious collective action today, from the Arab Spring to the civil wars and insurgencies in Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, and beyond.
Peter Krause is an assistant professor of political science at Boston College and a Research Affiliate with the MIT Security Studies Program. He has previously published articles on the threat of terrorism, the effectiveness of national movements and political violence, U.S. intervention in the Syrian civil war, and the war of ideas in the Middle East. Krause was formerly a Research Fellow at the Crown Center for Middle East Studies of Brandeis University, as well as a Research Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs of the Harvard Kennedy School. He has conducted extensive fieldwork throughout the Middle East over the past decade. Krause has offered his analysis of Middle East politics, political violence, and the Boston Marathon attacks with national and local media. You can read more about Peter Krause and his research at peterjpkrause.com
