Redefining Class and Labor in The Age of Intelligence Artificial: Rethinking Social Theories From Marx to the present

The Second Industrial Revolution, characterized by the expansion of new technologies such as electricity, advanced machinery, and mass production, brought fundamental changes to the social class structures. Social classes are no longer defined solely by direct ownership of the means of production; instead, new complexities have emerged in the relations between labor and capital.In this era, besides the working class and capitalists, the middle classes - comprising technical and managerial executives - play a significant role in the capitalist system.