Religion, Power, and the Rise of Shinto in Early Modern Japan

This book sheds new light on the relationship between religion and state in early modern Japan, and demonstrates the growing awareness of Shinto in both the political and the intellectual elite of Tokugawa Japan, even though Buddhism remained the privileged means of stately religious control. The first part analyses how the Tokugawa government aimed to control the populace via Buddhism and at the same time submitted Buddhism to the sacralization of the Tokugawa dynasty. The second part focuses on the religious protests throughout the entire period, with chapters on the suppression of Christians, heterodox Buddhist sects, and unwanted folk practitioners. The third part tackles the question of why early Tokugawa Confucianism was particularly interested in “Shinto” as an alternative to Buddhism and what “Shinto” actually meant from a Confucian stance. The final part of the book explores attempts to curtail the institutional power of Buddhism by reforming Shinto shrines, an important step in the so called “Shintoization of shrines” including the development of a self-contained Shinto clergy.

Stefan Köck is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria.

Fabio Rambelli is Distinguished Professor of Japanese religions and holder of the International Shinto Foundation chair in Shinto Studies in the departments of Religious Studies and East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.

Brigitte Pickl-Kolaczia is a doctoral candidate at Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria.

Bernhard Scheid is a senior researcher at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria.