Retirement Plans: 401(k)S, Iras, and Other Deferred Compensation Approaches

Retirement planning is a critical concern for individuals across all stages of their careers, from recent graduates entering the workforce to midcareer professionals and those nearing retirement. The shift in the U.S. private retirement system from defined benefit (DB) plans to defined contribution (DC) plans has placed greater responsibility on individuals to manage their retirement assets amidst volatile capital markets. This transition has introduced challenges, particularly for nonprofessional investors, who must navigate complex financial decisions to secure their futures. The evolving retirement landscape raises pressing questions about the adequacy of DC plans, the risks of premature asset withdrawals, and the ability of workers to save and invest effectively over their lifetimes.


To address these challenges, retirement planning has embraced behavioral finance principles, recognizing that individuals often rely on heuristics and may struggle with rational decision-making. Modern retirement plans are designed to account for these tendencies, incorporating features like default investment options to improve long-term outcomes. Efforts to enhance financial literacy and provide investment education are also gaining traction, empowering participants to make informed decisions during both the accumulation and payout phases of their retirement journey. Additionally, governmental policies and regulations, such as ERISA and the SECURE Acts, continue to shape the retirement planning framework, offering protections and fostering adaptability in response to economic uncertainties.


This edition of Retirement Plans expands on previous editions by emphasizing the shared responsibilities between plan sponsors and participants in managing retirement wealth. It provides a comprehensive overview of various retirement savings structures, including 401(k) plans, IRAs, and hybrid plans, while integrating updated legislative and regulatory developments. The text also explores topics like fiduciary oversight, cybersecurity, and wealth management strategies, offering a holistic approach to retirement planning. By advancing knowledge and best practices, the book aims to empower individuals and professionals alike to navigate the complexities of retirement planning and achieve financial security.

Jerry S. Rosenbloom (Philadelphia, PA) is a professor and department chairman at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.