Examine the U.S. certification process for major drug‑producing and transit countries in Latin America and how it shapes foreign aid and policy.
This congressional hearing from 1996 analyzes how the President’s certification decisions are made each year and what they mean for countries in the region. It features testimony from senior officials on international narcotics enforcement and the DEA, and it discusses Latin American responses, national interests, and the debate over consistency and impact.
- Learn how the certification mechanism works under the Foreign Assistance Act and its implications for aid and loans.
- See which Latin American countries were certified or denied certification in this year’s review and why.
- Understand the challenges of law enforcement cooperation, border control, and interdiction across borders.
- Explore the voices of policymakers and agency leaders on the effectiveness and fairness of the process.
Ideal for readers of policy, history, and current affairs who want a clear view of how drug control diplomacy operates in the region.