Rockets and People, Volume II: Creating a Rocket Industry (NASA History Series SP-2006-4110)

Boris Yevseyevich Chertok was born in 1912 in Poland, and his family moved to Moscow when he was three years old. In 1930, he began work as an electrician in a Moscow suburb. In 1934, he joined the design bureau of Viktor Bolkhovitinov, a noted designer of bombers. In 1946, Chertok joined the newly established NII-88 institute as head of the control systems department and worked hand-in-hand with legendary Chief Designer Sergey Korolev. Chertok became one of Korolev’s closest aides in developing control systems for ballistic missiles and spacecraft, eventually becoming deputy chief designer of the famous OKB-1, the design organization that spun off from NII-88 in 1956. Chertok participated in every major project at OKB-1 (now the Energiya Rocket-Space Corporation, RKK Energiya) until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, when he retired from active work. Academician Chertok currently lives in Moscow and serves as the Chief Scientific Consultant to RKK Energiya. His four-volume memoirs “Rekety I lyudi” (Rockets and People) were published in Moscow between 1994 and 1999. Asif A. Siddiqi is an Assistant Professor of history at Fordham University in New York. In 2008–2009 he was a visiting Fellow at the Program in Science, Technology, and Society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He received his Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania. Dr. Siddiqi is the author of a number of books on the history of space flight including “Challenge to Apollo: the Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945-1974” (NASA, 2000) and the “Red Rockets’ Glare: Soviet Imaginations and the Birth of Sputnik”(Cambridge University Press, 2099)