Scientific Knowledge. Basic Issues in the philosophy of science

* Broad ranging anthology that presents the best classical and contemporary material within the context of current trends in the philosophy of science (can be used as a core text or a supplemental reader).

Philosophy of Science: An Overview. PART ONE: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT IN WHICH SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IS PRODUCED. Gerald Holton: "On the Psychology of Scientists, and Their Social Concerns." Marguerite Holloway: "A Lab of Her Own." Natalie Angier: "Women Join the Ranks of Science but Remain Invisible at the Top." Shirley Tilghman: "Science v. the Female Scientist." Shirley Tilghman: "Science v. Women-A Radical Solution." Bruno Latour and Stever Woolgar: "An Anthropologist Visits the Laboratory." PART TWO: THE EMPIRICAL BASIS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE. Karl Popper: "The Problem of the Empirical Basis." Norwood Russell Hanson: "Observation." Steven Shapin: "Pump and Circumstance: Robert Boyle's Literary Technology." Ann Oakley: "Interviewing Women: A Contradiction in Terms." Andy Pickering: "Against Putting the Phenomena First: The Discovery of the Week Neutral Current." PART THREE: THE VALIDATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE. Rudolph Carnap: "The Confirmation of Laws and Theories." Karl Popper: "Science: Conjectures and Refutations." Pierre Duhem: "Physical Theory and Experiment." Imre Lakatos: "Falsification and the Methodology of Scien- tific Research Pogrammes." Thomas Kuhn: "Objectivity, Value Judgment, and Theory Choice." Ruth Hubbard: "Have Only Men Evolved." Helen Longino: "Can There Be a Feminist Science?" PART FOUR: THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE. Carl Hempel: "Explanation in Science?" Paul Oppenheim and Hilary Putnam: "Unity of Science as a Working Hypothesis." Karl Popper: The Rationality of Scientific Revolutions." Thomas Kuhn: "The Function of Dogma in Scientific Research." Thomas Kuhn: "The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Reasoning." Larry Landau: "Dissecting the Holist Picture of Scientific Change." PART FIVE: REALISM VERSUS ANTI-REALISM: THE ONTOLOGICAL IMPORT OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE. Grover Marshall: "The Ontological Status of Theoretical Entities." Bas van Fraassen: "Arguments Concerning Scientific Realism." Ernan McMullin: "A Case for Scientific Realism." Arthur Fine: "The Natural Ontological Attitude." Evelyn Fox Keller: "Critical Silences in Scientific Discourse: Problems of Form and Reform." Michael Gardner: "Realism and Instrumentalism in Pre-Newtonian Astronomy." Ian Hacking: "Experimentation and Scientific Realism."