The Shaping of Thought: A Teacher's Guide to Metacognitive Mapping and Critical Thinking in Response to Literature

Frank, Lyman, Jr. PhD, is a teacher educator and educational consultant. He is along with Arlene Mindus the originator of Think- Pair- Share, arguably the most used every- student- response, cooperative discussion design at all educational levels in the US and abroad. He was the first American elementary teacher to make comprehensive use of cognitive mapping with students in 1965. His innovation of the ThinkTrix as a student- owned thinking typology promises to place the thinking/questioning initiative with students, and usher “metacognitive mapping” into classrooms.

Charlene López is a former elementary school teacher who provided the structure for the ThinkLink strategy, focusing on student understanding of literary characters through analysis of their traits and feelings, thus leading students to a deeper under-standing of literature and of themselves. Toward these purposes, she developed with students an Idea Book to help them make a personal connection with the characters, stressing universal themes and creating in her classes a community of learners and a unity of ideas.

Arlene Mindus is a former teacher, university supervisor, elementary school principal, and a pioneer in cooperative learning. She was co-inventor with Frank Lyman of Think-Pair-Share and helped to develop ThinkLinks and ThinkTrix.