Synopsis
In its most general context, the term materials measurements' denotes operations to distinguish qualitatively and to determine quantitatively characteristics of materials. As materials constitute the physical matter of all products - machines, devices, plants, commodities, means of information, communication, transport, habitation and energy supply - materials measurements have a wide scope and impact for science and technology, economy and society. This Handbook compiles advanced methods for materials measurement and characterization from the macroscopic to the nano-scale. Materials science and its industrial applications require the highest level of accuracy and reliability in the measurement of the properties of materials and the assessment of their safety and reliability. Indeed, major technological nations fund large laboratories for testing and measurements that set standards, assess the safety and reliability of materials, and oversee the use of dangerous materials. But behind and beyond the data themselves are the underlying methods whose sophistication and proper use are absolutely necessary to achieve the accuracy, reliability, and safety required by modern technologies. In addition, the acceleration of the design and creation of new materials via techniques such as molecular modeling and simulation, especially on the nanoscale, makes the measurement of new materials properties and their characterization ever more critical. So materials professionals need not only handbooks of materials data but clear guidelines and standards for how to measure the full spectrum of materials characteristics of new materials and systems. Since materials science forms a bridge between the more traditonal fields of physics, engineering, and chemistry, unifying the varying perspectives and covering the full gamut of properties also serves a useful purpose. This handbook is the first dedicated to these practical and important considerations.
About the Author
Dr. Horst Czichos is Professor of Mechatronics at the University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany. He graduated with a degree in Precision Engineering and worked as a design engineer in the optical industry. He holds Dipl.-Phys. and Dr.-Ing (Materials Science) degrees from the Free and Technical Universities of Berlin and a Dr. h.c. from KU Leuven. He was President of the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) from 1992 to 2002 and President of the European Federation of National Associations of Measurement, Testing and Analytical Laboratories, EUROLAB (1999 - 2003), and is now its Delegate for the International Affiliates. Dr. Saito is currently Senior Adviser Emeritus at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and Chairman of ISO/TC164 (Mechanical Testing of Metals). He received his Dr.-Eng from the University of Tokyo in 1978 and since has held various positions at the National Research Institute for Metals, including Director of Materials Evaluation Division and Deputy Director-General of the Institute. After retirement from his position as Director of the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Dr. Leslie Smith is a Research Associate at NIST. He received B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Case Institute of Technology and the Catholic University of America in physical-organic chemistry and conducted research primarily on the adsorption of polymers and the degradation of polyesters.
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