Staurogram: Writing A Picture Of The Crucified Christ

Dieter T. Roth presents an extensive study of the so-called “staurogram,” argued to be the earliest visual depiction of the crucifixion of Christ. Roth examines the origins of this depiction in early New Testament manuscripts as a ligature or compendium of two letters in certain abbreviations of the words “cross” (stauros in Greek) or “crucify” (stauroo in Greek) in which the Greek letter rho is superimposed upon the Greek letter tau. In this work, the staurogram, ultimately understood to be a simple yet powerful depiction of Jesus crucified, is analyzed and located within the framework of ancient abbreviations, the nomina sacra, and the developing Christian visual culture in order to offer, for the first time, a wide-ranging presentation of this symbol in early Christianity. From the symbol’s origins within words in some of our earliest, extant New Testament manuscripts to its use as a free-standing Christogram, this volume provides important insight into how Christians, beginning with the staurogram, depicted visually their faith in a crucified Christ.

Dieter T. Roth is Associate Professor of New Testament at Boston College, USA.

Chris Keith is Research Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Norway. He is the author of The Pericope Adulterae, the Gospel of John and the Literacy of Jesus, a winner of the 2010 John Templeton Award for Theological Promise, and Jesus' Literacy: Scribal Culture and the Teacher from Galilee. He is also the co-editor of Jesus among Friends and Enemies: A Historical and Literary Introduction to Jesus in the Gospels, and was recently named a 2012 Society of Biblical Literature Regional Scholar.

Helen K. Bond is Professor of Christian Origins and Head of the School of Divinity at the University of Edinburgh. Her research focuses on the social and political history of Judaea under Roman rule, the historical Jesus, and the canonical gospels. She is the author of Pontius Pilate in History and Interpretation (1998), Caiaphas: High Priest and Friend of Rome? (2004), The Historical Jesus: A Guide for the Perplexed (2012), Jesus: A Very Brief History (2017), The First Biography of Jesus: Genre and Meaning in Mark's Gospel (2020), and a number of shorter studies and articles.

Jens Schroeter is Chair and Professor of Exegesis and Theology of the New Testament and New Testament Apocrpyha at the Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.