This book presents clear explanations of how different steelmaking methods work, with practical details on charging, deoxidation, slag management, and heat control. It blends theory with hands‑on guidance, showing how variables like carbon, manganese, and silicon influence the final steel and its properties. Readers get a view of the equipment, procedures, and challenges found in historic and early 20th‑century foundries, along with observations that remain relevant to understanding steel quality.

Learn how heats are planned, how alloying elements are added, and how the bath is manipulated to reach target compositions.
See how slag behavior and deoxidation affect steel cleanliness and strength.
Understand the role of different furnaces and consumables, from crucibles to open‑hearth and electric furnaces.
Discover practical notes on testing, moisture control, and the careful handling of materials to avoid defects.

Ideal for readers of industrial history and those curious about the practical craft of steel production, especially the open‑hearth era and related techniques. The book helps buyers assess its historical and technical value for study or reference in project work and teaching.

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**Please note our transit times are from the date of dispatch.** We first started out as ?The Paperback Exchange,? a chain of physical bookstores where we would part exchange your beloved books for new stories to transport you to faraway places. However, as shopping started to evolve to online shops and marketplaces, we bid our stores goodbye to become ?PBShop.? This transition has only allowed us to blossom as we now ship thousands of titles to book lovers across the globe. We pride ourselves in being a community of local book lovers which allows our passion and devotion to shine in everything we do. In 2020 we not only celebrated our 20th birthday but our 1st birthday as being completely employee owned after becoming an E.O.T in September 2019. We are proud to be different and embrace standing apart on a book mountain by working from a virtual inventory which allows us to provide thousands of books that may be difficult to get for your bookshelf or your studies. Working with a number of different suppliers allows us to explore other avenues such as puzzles, sheet music and even stationery so we really do have something for everyone. Life is about being versatile in all realms of existence. If this is your first purchase with us, or you are a returning customer, we would like to welcome you to the PBShop family, for there is no friend as loyal as a book. We are a company who put our customers at the centre of everything we do as we understand the importance of reading because once you learn to read, you will forever be free. There are a whole lot of things in this world of ours that we are yet to explore, which is why we will forever inspire curious minds.

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Order quantity	10 to 20 business days	10 to 20 business days
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