Success of Canine Retraction with Distraction Osteogenesis: A Systematic Review

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a biologically based technique that induces new bone and soft-tissue formation through controlled mechanical separation of bone segments. Adapted from orthopaedics to orthodontics, dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis (DAD) enables rapid canine retraction by transporting the tooth with its surrounding alveolar bone following selective osteotomy, thereby reducing periodontal ligament resistance. Clinical studies report complete canine retraction within 8–16 days using DAD, compared with several months required with conventional mechanics. Outcomes consistently demonstrate minimal anchorage loss, preserved pulpal vitality, negligible root resorption, acceptable control of canine angulation, and favorable periodontal responses, with mild postoperative discomfort. By reducing overall orthodontic treatment duration by approximately 6–9 months, DAD offers a safe and effective approach for accelerated canine retraction, particularly in adult patients, though further long-term studies are required.