Surfactant Aggregation

J.H. Clint

ISBN 10: 0216929059 / ISBN 13: 9780216929050

Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, NL, 1991

About this Item

Surface active agents (surfactants) occur widely in nature, being found in locations as different as the membranes of living cells and in crude oil. Compounds in this class are surface active because of their amphiphilic nature. A consequence of this is that they have a remarkable tendency to aggregate in a variety of forms whose exact structures depend on the state of solvency and on some simple, but at times subtle, geometric packing considerations. This book represents an attempt to bring together all of these effects, including adsorption at planar liquid interfaces, in a unified treatment. This volume aims to teach the important principles behind surfactant aggregation and how these can be applied to the various systems which result from such aggregation. It is especially intended that this treatment will bring a high degree of uniformity to the description of many phenomena which have hitherto been treated separately. Written for researchers, formulators and industrial product development technologists interested in surface and colloid science.

Seller Inventory # LU-9780216929050

Bibliographic Details

• Title: Surfactant Aggregation
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, NL
• Publication Date: 1991
• Language: English
• ISBN 10: 0216929059
• ISBN 13: 9780216929050
• Binding: Hardback
• Condition: New
• Dimensions: 15.24W x 2.06H x 22.86D centimeters 15.24 centimeters width by 2.06 centimeters height by 22.86 centimeters depth
• Weight: 720 grams

About this title

Synopsis

1 Nature of Surfactants.- 1.1 Introduction to surfactants.- 1.2 Natural surfactants.- 1.3 Synthetic surfactants.- 1.4 Types of surfactant.- 1.4.1 Hydrophilic groups.- 1.4.2 Hydrophobic groups.- 1.5 Surface activity.- 1.5.1 Self-association.- 1.5.2 The hydrophobic effect.- References.- 2 Adsorption at liquid interfaces.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Direct measurement of amount adsorbed.- 2.3 Adsorption studied via surface and interfacial tension measurement.- 2.4 Adsorption of ionic surfactants.- 2.4.1 No added electrolyte.- 2.4.2 Ionic surfactant with excess electrolyte.- 2.5 Equations of state for adsorbed surfactants.- 2.6 Adsorption at the liquid/liquid interface.- 2.7 Ultra-low interfacial tensions.- 2.7.1 Prediction of emulsion type from packing geometry.- 2.7.2 Phase inversion.- 2.7.3 Tensions at curved and planar interfaces.- 2.7.4 Interactions between adsorbed monolayers.- 2.7.5 Practical applications of ultra-low tension systems.- 2.8 Physical properties of adsorbed monolayers.- 2.9 Dynamic aspects of adsorbed surfactants.- 2.9.1 The Marangoni effect.- References.- 3 Insoluble monolayers.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Historical background.- 3.2.1 The Langmuir trough and its origin.- 3.2.2 Use of the Langmuir trough.- 3.3 Phase changes and types of film.- 3.3.1 Gaseous films.- 3.3.2 The LE + G region.- 3.3.3 The liquid-expanded region.- 3.3.4 The transition region.- 3.3.5 The liquid-condensed region.- 3.3.6 The solid region.- 3.4 Ionised monolayers.- 3.4.1 Effect of polyvalent counterions.- 3.5 X-ray and neutron scattering.- 3.5.1 Horizontal scattering.- 3.5.2 Vertical scattering.- 3.5.3 Neutron scattering.- 3.6 Dynamic effects.- 3.6.1 Interfacial shear rheology.- 3.6.2 Interfacial dilatational rheology.- 3.6.3 Measurement of surface shear viscosity for insoluble monolayers.- 3.6.4 Measurement of surface dilatational rheological properties.- 3.7 Practical applications of insoluble monolayers.- References.- 4 Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Historical background.- 4.3 Types of monolayer deposition.- 4.3.1 X-, Y- and Z-films.- 4.3.2 Incomplete deposition.- 4.3.3 Asymmetrical films.- 4.3.4 Polymeric systems.- 4.4 Structure of multilayers.- 4.4.1 Characterisation by simple techniques.- 4.4.2 Low-angle X-ray diffraction.- 4.4.3 Spectroscopic methods.- 4.4.4 Long-range order and homogeneity.- 4.5 Applications of LB films.- 4.5.1 Devices exploiting the insulating properties of the film.- 4.5.2 Applications combining ultra-thin property with useful chemistry.- 4.5.3 Multilayers requiring non-centrosymmetrical structures.- 4.5.4 Supermolecular assemblies and molecular electronics.- 4.5.5 Sensors.- 4.6 Self-assembly systems.- 4.6.1 Self-assembly monolayers.- 4.6.2 Self-assembly multilayers.- References.- 5 Micelle formation.- 5.1 Evidence for micelle formation.- 5.2 Structure of micelles.- 5.2.1 Hartley's model for spherical micelles.- 5.2.2 Simple geometric factors.- 5.2.3 Spherical micelles.- 5.2.4 Cylindrical micelles.- 5.2.5 Counterion binding.- 5.3 Dynamics of micellar aggregation.- 5.3.1 The multiple equilibrium model.- 5.4 The critical micelle concentration (CMC).- 5.4.1 Ionic surfactants.- 5.4.2 Non-ionic surfactants.- 5.4.3 Factors affecting the CMC.- 5.4.4 Methods for measuring the CMC.- 5.5 Thermodynamics of micelle formation.- 5.5.1 Simple thermodynamic theory.- 5.5.2 Experimental data for the thermodynamic parameters of micellisation.- 5.5.3 Mechanism of micelle formation.- 5.6 Solubilisation.- 5.6.1 Polar solubilisates.- 5.6.2 Effect of temperature and electrolyte addition.- 5.7 Applications of micellar solutions.- 5.7.1 Detergency.- 5.7.2 Application of cylindrical micelles.- 5.7.3 Solubilisation.- 5.7.4 Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration.- 5.7.5 Micellar catalysis.- References.- 6 Mixed-micelle formation.- 6.1 Qualitative observations.- 6.2 Thermodynamics of mixed-micelle formation.- 6.2.1 Surface tensions of surfactant solutions.- 6.3 Thermodynamics of non-ideal mixed-micelle formation.- 6.3.1 Mix...

Review

Aims to teach the important principles behind surfactant aggregation and how these can be applied to the various systems which result from such aggregation. - British Book News; In summary, Surfactant Aggregation is a valuable new book. It could serve as a reference or textbook in advanced chemistry courses and it will provide a firm foundation for dealing with application problems - Polymer News; Mathematics has been kept to a minimum, the book is compact, easy to read, has adequate references and is well illustrated with clear diagrams and data... This book is the best reference book available on surfactant theory and should be essential reading for those involved in the manufacture or use of surfactants. - Chemistry in Britain; ...a broad ranging and concise account of surfactants generally. Although the approach is basically one of the fundamental science underlying the behaviour of surfactants, connections are made throughout with industrial applications and living systems. Readers in academia will value this connection. Those in industry will use the book to improve their understanding of the basic principles and as a handy reference for unfamiliar surfactant topics. It will give an ideal overview with both breadth and depth for students and others new to surfactants. Attention to detail is impressive yet the writing style is straightforward and easy to read. References are plentiful and illustrations are helpful...strongly recommended for anyone with an interest of involvement in surfactants - Journal of the Oil and Colour Chemists Association