You Cannot Surge Trust : Combined Naval Operations of the Royal Australian Navy, Canadian Navy, Royal Navy, and United States Navy, 1991-2003

In this study, naval historians from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States explore how their navies created an effective multinational, or "combined," framework of interoperability while under national rules of engagement. The authors address cases including maritime operations during the First Gulf War (1990-1991) and later (2001-2003) as part of Operation Enduring Freedom; off the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in Operation Sharp Guard (1991-1996); and in East Timor during Operation Stabilise (1999-2000). This multinational naval force's success in each crisis depended not just on shared doctrine, training, tactics, and technology, but on the trust its sailors built in combined operations over time.

 Contributors

 Dr. Jeffrey Barlow of the Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington, D.C., graduated in history from Westminster College (Pennsylvania) and in international studies from the University of South Carolina. His 1981 Ph.D. dissertation analyzed the role of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff during the Kennedy administration. Prior to coming to the Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC), he served as a defense analyst with the Heritage Foundation on Capitol Hill and as a military analyst for the National Institute for Public Policy/National Security Research. For the past 22 years he has been a historian at NHHC. The author of the award-wining book Revolt of the Admirals: The Fight for Naval Aviation, 1945–1950 (1994), he has written more than a dozen chapters for books dealing with World War II and the Cold War. His book From Hot War to Cold: The U.S. Navy and National Security Affairs, 1945–1955, was published by Stanford University Press in January 2009. 

 

Kate Brett, curator of the Naval Historical Branch, Naval Staff, U.K. Ministry of Defence, based in Portsmouth, graduated in English and German from the University of Exeter, and completed a master’s degree in museology at the University of East Anglia. Having worked in various military museums and for the National Postal Museum, she moved to the Naval Historical Branch as curator in 1998. She has introduced a collections management system that provides greater accessibility to naval records, and is working with the Royal Navy’s headquarters to restructure naval operational reporting. She has written articles and created numerous exhibitions integrating social and operational history, and is a member of the Directing Staff for exercises for the British Armed Forces, specializing in examining operations from both the enemy and civilian perspective.

 

Robert H. Caldwell of the Directorate of History and Heritage, National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, Ontario, served in the Canadian Army for 35 years. He completed Technical and General Staff courses at the Royal Military College of Science at Shrivenham, the British Army Staff College at Camberley, and the Joint Warfare Establishment at Old Sarum. He passed the Master of Arts program in War Studies at the Royal Military College at Kingston, and thereafter was a historian at the Operational Research and Analysis Establishment, followed by the Directorate of History and Heritage, in National Defence Headquarters. A member of the Naval History Team for 17 years, he is a contributing author of two volumes of the official history of the Royal Canadian Navy in WWII. He has completed several studies for the forthcoming postwar naval history volume. Since 2006, Mr. Caldwell has worked with the Canadian Forces in Afghanistan on the preparations for the official history.   

 Dr. Edward J. Marolda has 40 years of federal service, serving at one time or another as the Acting Director of Naval History, Senior Historian, and Chief, Histories and Archives Division at the Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington, DC. He graduated from Pennsylvania Military College with a BA in history and received an MA from Georgetown University and a doctorate from George Washington University in 1990. He has authored, coauthored, or edited 11 books, including By Sea, Air, and Land: An Illustrated History of the United States Navy and the War in Southeast Asia (1994); Shield and Sword: The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf War (coauthor Robert J. Schneller Jr., 1998); The U.S. Navy in the Korean War (editor, 2007), and The Approaching Storm: Conflict in Asia, 1945–1965 (2009), the first issue in a series on the U.S. Navy and the Vietnam War, which he coedits. His latest book Ready Seapower: A History of the U.S. Seventh Fleet was published in spring 2012.

Sarandis (Randy) Papadopoulos is the Secretariat Historian, Office of the Undersecretary of the Navy. He spent ten years as a historian with the Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington, D.C. He studied at the University of Toronto, the University of Alabama, and the George Washington University where he received his Ph.D. He is a principal coauthor of the book Pentagon 9/11 published by the Historian, Office of the Secretary of Defense in 2007, and the author of several journal articles, book reviews, and contributions to reference works. 

Stephen Prince heads the Naval Historical Branch, Naval Staff, U.K. Ministry of Defence, based in Portsmouth. He is a graduate of Warwick University and King’s College London, where he received the Russell Prize for the best M.A. performance. He has been Sir Robert Menzies Scholar at the Australian War Memorial, lecturer at Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, and Senior Lecturer at the U.K.’s Joint Services Command and Staff College. His publications include articles in the Journal of Strategic Studies, Defense Analysis, and the Royal United Services Institute Journal, as well as his book Raiding Zeebrugge (2010). He has been Directing Staff for over 50 British and International Defence training exercises from the Falkland Islands to Turkey. In 2006 he was deployed as the War Diarist for NATO’s International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan.

Dr. David Stevens is Director of Strategic and Historical Studies within the Sea Power Centre-Australia, Canberra. He has contributed articles and essays to many publications, and his work has been translated into several languages. His most recent publications include A Critical Vulnerability: The Impact of the Submarine Threat on Australia’s Maritime Defence, 1915–54 (2005); The Royal Australian Navy: A History (coauthor 2006); Australia’s Navy in the Gulf (coauthor, 2006); The Royal Australian Navy in World War II (editor, 2d ed., 2005); The Face of Naval Battle: The Human Experience of Modern War at Sea (coeditor, 2003); The Navy and the Nation (coeditor, 2005); and Sea Power Ashore and Isean the Air (coeditor, 2007).

Dr. Gary E. Weir, chief historian of the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, served 19 years as a historian with the Naval History and Heritage His published works include An Ocean in Common: American Naval Officers, Scientists, and the Ocean Environment (2001), winner of the Organization of American Historian’s Richard Leopold Prize; and Rising Tide: The Untold Story of the Russian Submarines That Fought the Cold War (coauthor, 2003).