Explains how simple functions model atomic and molecular interactions and shows how these models help predict real-world properties in gases and crystals.
This survey examines a range of empirical and semi-empirical potentials used to describe pairwise interactions. It highlights the ideas behind repulsive and attractive forces, and how different forms are chosen to fit experimental data without forcing chemical reactions.
- How repulsion and attraction are represented in common potentials, from Buckingham and Morse to Lennard-Jones forms.
- How parameters are chosen to match properties like virial coefficients, compressibility, and sublimation heat.
- Examples drawn from hydrogen, helium, noble gases, and inert gas crystals to illustrate model performance.
- Discussion of the strengths and limitations of simple models, and when more complex forms are useful.
Ideal for readers of introductory and reference material on interatomic and intermolecular forces, and for researchers seeking a compact overview of practical potential functions.