The Swiss & the Nazis: How the Alpine Republic Survived in the Shadow of the Third Reich

“Halbrook succeeds not only in achieving a thorough analysis of Switzerland’s armed neutrality, but also in revealing through their own voices the willingness of ordinary citizens to accept total war in order to preserve their freedom.”—Swiss American Historical Society Review

This book tells the long misunderstood story of Switzerland in World War II with emphasis on two voices rarely heard. One is that of scores of Swiss who lived in those dark years, as they repeatedly mobilized to defend the country and helped refugees. The other voice is that of Nazi Intelligence, which spied on the Swiss and planned subversion and invasion. Exhaustive documents from the German military archives reveal a chilling rendition of attack plans.

When Switzerland became surrounded by the Axis Powers, it first mobilized a "spiritual defense," using the press, cabarets, and newsreels as weapons against totalitarianism, even at the risk of provoking the Nazis. Swiss soldiers recall an epoch when every day could have been "the day" when all hell would break loose and they would meet the enemy. Blitzkrieg plans against Switzerland devised by the Wehrmacht in 1940 are described, as is how Switzerland became an armed camp with countless fortifications, against which the Axis could have attempted access only with extreme costs in blood.

The book goes on to describe Swiss life during the war with its shortages, alarms, and rumors. A chapter investigates whether Swiss officials played a role in Germany's adoption of the "J" stamp on Jewish passports, and how Switzerland became a lifeboat for refugees. Another chapter focuses on Davos, where the Swiss struggled against a Fifth Column, and which became a safe haven for American airmen whose crippled bombers made it to Swiss territory. The last chapter profiles Switzerland as America's window on the Reich—how Allen Dulles and his OSS spied on the Nazis, at times with help from Swiss Intelligence.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Part I: A WAR OF WORDS AND NERVES
1. The Spirit of Resistance
2. The Eyes of German Intelligence
3. Hanging Hitler in Satire
4. Counterattack of the Newsreels

Part II: PREPARING FOR INVASION
5. I Was a Militia Soldier Then
6. Blitzkrieg 1940
7. Switzerland Is a Porcupine

Part III: STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL: FOOD, FUEL, AND FEAR
8. Gas Masks and Potato Bread: An Oral History
9. The “J” Stamp, the Lifeboat, and Refugees

Part IV: ESPIONAGE AND SUBVERSION
10. The Consequences of Encirclement
11. Intruders in Our Midst
12. America’s Window on the Reich: Allen Dulles in Bern

Conclusion
Source Notes
Bibliography
Index

Stephen Halbrook, Ph.D., J.D., is author of the award winning Target Switzerland: Swiss Armed Neutrality in World War II, which was also released in German, French, Italian, and Polish. A former philosophy professor and currently an attorney, he has argued before the U.S. Supreme Court and has published widely on on historical issues in politics, law and international affairs. He resides in Fairfax, VA.