From T-2 to Supertanker: Development of the Oil Tanker, 1940-2000

From T-2 to Supertanker provides a unique insight into the oil tanker industry's efforts to produce safe and efficient vessels.

Dr. Andrew G. Spyrou believes that marine transportation is the key to effective global shipping, part of which is carrying petroleum by tanker. Enormous changes have taken place in tanker design and construction since World War II. Closure of the Suez Canal on two occasions-1956 and 1967-provided the impetus to enlarge the tanker and to improve tanker performance and safety.

The industry's efforts to design and construct today's modern tankers, driven by scale, safety and ecological concerns, have led to ever-larger models. Today's 'Very Large' and 'Ultra Large' crude oil carriers represent the most complex mobile steel structures ever developed.

Spyrou discusses how this industry is striving to minimize vital ecological concerns such as oil pollution of the seas, atmospheric pollution by engine exhaust, and contamination of the marine ecosystem. Advances, however, have not been without crises, challenges, and successes.

Dr. Andrew G. Spyrou, an honours graduate of Strathclyde University in Scotland, was for twenty years Technical Director with the Onassis Group of Companies. He is Fellow of Technical Societies in Europe, U.S.A., Japan, and founding member of The Institution of Nuclear Engineers in London.