Technologies and Practices for Plugging and Remediating Orphan Oil and Gas Wells

Orphan oil and gas wells (i.e., wells without a responsible party or owner) are present across much of the United States, and many have not been permanently sealed using modern standards, materials, or technology. Unplugged or improperly plugged wells may allow the migration of contaminants like oil and gas, produced water, or methane, creating potential risks to public and environmental health and limiting future land use opportunities. Recent federal investments, combined with decades of state leadership, have strengthened the nation's capacity to address these wells and accelerated plugging efforts across the country.

Technologies and Practices for Plugging and Remediating Orphan Oil and Gas Wells examines the regulatory, technical, scientific, and economic considerations associated with plugging and remediating orphan wells. The report highlights the important role of state-led programs, supported by federal and Tribal partnerships, in advancing effective plugging practices and reducing methane leaks and other environmental risks. It also explores opportunities to strengthen well barrier verification, improve monitoring and data systems, expand workforce development, and support the testing and adoption of emerging technologies and materials.

The report emphasizes the importance of sustained coordination among states, federal and Tribal agencies, industry, researchers, and other stakeholders for continuing progress. By strengthening data collection, supporting innovation, and building workforce capacity, plugging and remediation efforts can continue to improve long-term environmental outcomes while supporting safer and more effective management of orphan oil and gas wells.