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++The Discovery if the Joule-Thomson Effect++ THOMSON, William (Lord Kelvin), J.P. Joule, J.C. Adams, G.G. Stokes, J.J. Sylvester, T.H. Huxley, many others. Thomson and Joule: "On the Thermal Effects of Fluids in Motion", in the "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London". London: Royal Society of London, 1853, vol. 143. The Thomson/Joule appears on pp. 357-365 in the full volume (11.5"x 9") of iv, 566, 15 pp., with 24 engraved plates at the end (complete).[++] Beautifully rebound in half-calf and marbled boards, with marbled boards, raised bands, and six-panel spine with two labels in red and black. Excellent craftsmanship. There are a few interior antiquarian stamps from the library of the Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland. "The only substantial contribution to thermodynamics to which the joint names of Joule and Thomson are attached belongs to an idea conceived by Thomson, who saw the possibility of analyzing the deviations of gas properties from the ideal behavior. In particular a non-ideal gas, made to expand slowly through a porous plug so as to approximate a specified mathematical condition.would in general undergo cooling (essentially a transformation of atomic motion into work spent against the interatomic attractions).But the application of the Joule-Thomson effect to technology of refrigeration belongs to a later stage in the development of thermodynamics."--"Complete Dictionary Scientific Biography" (online). [++]"Joule-Thomson effect, the change in temperature that accompanies expansion of a gas without production of work or transfer of heat. At ordinary temperatures and pressures, all real gases except hydrogen and helium cool upon such expansion; this phenomenon often is utilized in liquefying gases. The phenomenon was investigated in 1852 by the British physicists James Prescott Joule and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). The cooling occurs because work must be done to overcome the long-range attraction between the gas molecules as they move farther apart. Hydrogen and helium will cool upon expansion only if their initial temperatures are very low because the long-range forces in these gases are unusually weak."--Encyclopedia Britannica online. [++] SYLVESTER, J.J, (SYLVESTER'S LAW OF INERTIA): "On a Theory of the Syzygetic relations of two rational integral functions, comprising an application to the Theory of Sturm's Functions, and that of the greatest Algebraic Common Measure". [++] Richard OWEN: "Description of some Species of the extinct Genus Nesodon, with remarks on the primary Group (Toxodontia) of Hoofed Quadrupeds, to which that Genus is referable", pp. 291-310. [++] AND WITH: George Gabriel STOKES "On the Change of Refrangibility of Light.- No. II" (pp.385-386); J. C. ADAMS "On the Secular Variation of the Moon's Mean Motion" (pp. 397-406). AND: T.H. HUXLEY, "On the Morphology of the Cephalous Mollusca, as illustrated by the Anatomy of certain Heteropoda and Pteropoda collected during the Voyage of H.H.S. "Rattlesnake" in 1846-50." ALSO: Newport, G. "On the impregnation of the ovum in the Amphibia. (Second series, revised.). And on the direct agency of the spermatozoon." And others.
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