Thrombin and Singlet Oxygen (1?O2*) Main Factors of Hemostasis

Neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) are our primary defence cells against bacteria, fungi, parasites, or micro-thrombi. Their main weapons and signals are the reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2 being mother ROS, radicalic OH and non-radicalic 1ΔO2* being the two daughter ROS. 1ΔO2* is the most important ROS because it is harmful against "non-self" and harmless against "self". 1ΔO2* is highly reactive against S-H, S-S, or C=C groups and releases photons (hν). The activation of the assembly of their NADPH-oxidase, one main trigger (zymosan A) and one main primer (1ΔO2*/hv) are of great physiological and pathophysiological importance in inflammation and in hemostasis. There is photonic the neutrophils generate different types of photons and they can "see" them in other cells. The approximate 300-400 nm photons are the main signals and the photons of lowest wave length seem to especially alert them in emergency.