Just in Time Teaching: Across the Disciplines, and Across the Academy

"The book is an excellent resource for professors who are serious pursuers of improving students' learning... The text is adeptly compiled and skillfully written."―Teaching Theology and Religion

"I found the ideas presented by th eauthors intriguing, and I'm already thinking about how I'm going to make use of them myself."―EDC Resource Review

Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) is a pedagogical approach that requires students to answer questions related to an upcoming class a few hours beforehand, using an online course management system. While the phrase “just in time” may evoke shades of slap-dash work and cut corners, JiTT pedagogy is just the opposite. It helps students to view learning as a process that takes time, introspection, and persistence.

Students who experience JiTT come to class better prepared, and report that it helps to focus and organize their out-of-class studying. Their responses to JiTT questions make gaps in their learning visible to the teacher prior to class, enabling him or her to address learning gaps while the material is still fresh in students’ minds – hence the label “just in time.”

JiTT questions differ from traditional homework problems in being designed not only to build cognitive skills, but also to help students confront misconceptions, make connections to previous knowledge, and develop metacognitive thinking practices. Students consequently spend more time on course concepts and ideas, but also read their textbooks in ways that result in more effective and deeper learning. Starting the class with students’ work also dramatically changes the classroom-learning environment, creating greater student engagement.

Part I provides a broad overview of JiTT, introducing the pedagogy and exploring various dimensions of its use without regard to discipline. Part II of the book demonstrates JiTT’s remarkable cross-disciplinary impact with examples of applications in physics, biology, the geosciences, economics, hist

Scott Simkins is Director of the Academy for Teaching and Learning and Associate Professor of Economics at North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro, NC.

Mark Maier is Professor of Economics at Glendale Community College (California). Together with Scott Simkins, he led a National Science Foundation-funded project for developing just-in-time teaching methods in economics.

James Rhem