Tissue Microarrays: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology (664))

The tissue microarray (TMA) method presents as a modern high technology, although its roots go back to the 80s when researchers frst started to combine several small pieces of tissues into so-called sausage blocks. In this respect, the TMA invention was not frstly characterized by technical improvements, but its true novelty was to link clinical data to the tissues that were combined on one slide. The very high number of tissues that can be included into one TMA, the small size and regular shape of the tissue spots, the preser- tion of integrity of the donor tissue blocks, and the highly organized array pattern that allows for reliable allocation of clinical data to individual tissue spots made it a discrete technique with unique features. When the TMA technology was developed 12 years ago, its beneft was controversially debated. While many researchers welcomed the method enthusiastically, there were c- cerns by others that results obtained from the small tissue cores used for TMA making would not be suffciently representative of the donor tissues. Meanwhile, the increasing use of this technology has imposingly demonstrated its tremendous utility in research. In fact, basically all clinically relevant associations between molecular markers and clinical endpoints could be reproduced using only one single 0. 6 mm core per tissue sample so that TMAs have nowadays become a standard tool allowing for a new dimension of tissue analysis.

Today’s tissue microarray (TMA) method presents as a modern high-tech technology, one which allows for the linking of clinical data to the tissues that are combined on one slide. In Tissue Microarrays: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers explore the current world of TMA making and TMA applications, providing insight into the inherent and complex aspects of the most popular assays used for in-situ tissue analysis. Chapters examine the range of TMA techniques that allow for a large number of tissues to be included in one TMA, preserve the integrity of donor tissue blocks, and present a highly organized array pattern that allows for the reliable allocation of clinical data to individual tissue spots. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Contemporary and ground-breaking, Tissue Microarrays: Methods and Protocols serves as an essential handbook for pathologists, molecular biologists, researchers in the life sciences, as well as physicians, a reflection of the various applications of current TMA technology.