In this study of the mechanisms of transitional justice in Poland, Frances Millard asks: How does society come to terms with its past? How should it punish the perpetrators of oppression and acknowledge its victims? In the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe the task of answering these questions came down to the need to eliminate the communist parties' hold over the state, the economy and society in order to move towards democracy. Millard argues that the key step in achieving this was uncovering the truth about the previous regime's past, prosecuting the perpetrators of past crimes and providing compensation and restitution for its victims.

Through the specific case of Poland, Millard provides a comprehensive assessment of the mechanisms and institutions used to achieve this, such as lustration, law enforcement through a Constitutional Tribunal and institutions dedicated to dealing with the past such as the Institute of National Remembrance. Crucially, these processes have assumed new significance in recent years after the Law and Justice Party came to power in 2015, using transitional justice as a tool of political control which has enabled the restructuring of Polish democracy.

About the Author

Frances Millard is Professor Emerita in the Department of Government and a member of the Human Rights Centre of the University of Essex. She specialises in the Politics of East Central Europe with special interests in human rights, social policy, and elections. She is twice winner of the George Blazyca Prize of the British Association of Slavonic and East European Studies – for Elections, Parties, and Representation in Post-Communist Europe (2004) and Democratic Elections in Poland, 1991-2007 (2010). Her other books include Polish Politics and Society (1999) and Embodying Democracy: Electoral System Design in Post-Communist Europe (2002), with Sarah Birch, Marina Popescu and Kieran Williams.

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