Treatment Modalities of Regenerative Pulp Therapy

Regenerative endodontics marks a major advancement in modern dentistry by shifting from conventional pulp removal to biologically based procedures aimed at restoring the pulp–dentin complex. This dissertation reviews the principles and clinical applications of regenerative endodontic therapy, with emphasis on pulp revascularization in immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp. Traditional approaches such as apexification achieve apical closure but fail to promote continued root development or dentinal wall thickening. Regenerative procedures, based on tissue engineering concepts involving stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules, offer the potential for maturogenesis, apical closure, and periapical healing. The dissertation critically reviews dental stem cells, natural and synthetic scaffolds, growth factors, clinical protocols, outcomes, limitations, and future prospects, highlighting regenerative endodontics as a promising, conservative approach in pediatric dentistry.