Trees of Ohio and Surrounding Territory Including the Area Westward to the Limits of the Prairie and South to the ThirtySeventh Parallel Classic Reprint

Excerpt from Trees of Ohio and Surrounding Territory: Including the Area Westward to the Limits of the Prairie and South to the Thirty-Seventh Parallel

The crown is a system of branches on which the leaves are developed and exposed to the light. In the leaves most of the food is manufactured which the tree uses for its growth and nourishment. This production of organic food is carried on through the agency of sunlight and chlorophyll, as the green col orin'g matter is called. Another important function of the leaves is the transpiration of the surplus water brought up from below. The water transpired by a large tree in a single day is often very great in amount. The leaves are also important breathing or gans, although not exclusively so; for all the living cells in the entire plant carry on the process of respiration.

The system of branching in the crown may be of various types. If the main trunk of a tree extends upward through the crown to-the tip it is said to be excurrent, as in the larch and Austrian pine. When the terminal bud has no pre - eminence over others and the main trunk is soon lost, the tree is round - topped or spreading and is said to be deliquescent, as in the apple. Ex curr'ent trees are often spire - shaped like the Norway spruce; while deliquescent stems commonly give rise to dome - shaped crowns, as in the white elm. If the terminal bud withers or is self - pruned, as in the linden, the branching is sympodial. If the leaves are opposite and the two lateral end buds develop, the ter minal bud being self - pruned, the result is a sympodial dichotomy, as in the bladdernut. Trees in which the terminal buds are per sistent and functional are said to have a monopodial system of branching.

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