Tri-Level Identity Crisis

This text captures the profound unacknowledged crisis that is unique to children of first-generation immigrants, by virtue of their being caught in a world of their parents’ culture of origin and their social experience in the United States. The book makes the case for three levels of adolescent crisis unique to this population, namely, the general developmental crisis experienced by all adolescents as articulated by developmental theories; the cultural identity crises experienced by ethnic minority persons as they encounter the layered racialization of American history; and, finally, the unique crisis that arises from conflicting cultural values and morals when first-generation immigrant parents, wanting to preserve native values, clash with their children, who seek belonging in the Western context in which they currently reside.
The book traces the psychological, emotional, and social roots of the crisis. The authors, representing immigrants from different continents, portray the unique, ethnic minority challenges they encounter in coming to the US, exemplifying further the tri-level crisis. Finally, the book offers ways that parents can be proactive in helping their children navigate the potential tri-level crisis through ITAV (It Takes a Village) camps and family palavers.

Tapiwa N. Mucherera is Professor of Pastoral Counseling at Asbury Theological Seminary. He is author of Meet Me at the Palaver and Glimmers of Hope. He is editor of Pastoral Care, Health, Healing, and Wholeness in African Contexts: Methodology, Context, and Issues, and has also contributed chapters to several academic books. An ordained United Methodist Church (UMC) pastor, he has served several churches in Zimbabwe, Iowa, Denver, and Kentucky. Mucherera is serving on the Board of Ordained Ministry of the Florida UMC Annual Conference, and serves on the ACPE National Board.


Anne Kiome-Gatobu is Associate Professor of Pastoral Care and Counseling and the Dean of the School of Practical Theology at Asbury Seminary in Wilmore, Kentucky. She obtained her PhD in Religion and Psychological Studies from the joint PhD program at the University of Denver and Iliff School of Theology. A Native of Kenya, she has been involved in counseling and crisis intervention and critical intervention training both in the United States and internationally, working with victims and families of the 1998 US embassy bombing, the Columbine High School shooting, and the 2010 Haiti earthquake.