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The objective of this reprint is to facilitate an in-depth engagement with the subject matter of prostate cancer. The prostate is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive tract. Together with the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands, the prostate is responsible for the production of an alkaline fluid that forms part of the seminal fluid. The prostate is frequently affected by a number of pathological conditions in males over the age of 40, including benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer among the male population on a global scale. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the year 2020, approximately 1.41 million men worldwide were affected by prostate cancer. Despite significant advances in treatment, including the advent of targeted and immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-based therapies, cancer remains one of the primary causes of death worldwide. This reprint presents the latest developments in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment, including in vitro and in vivo approaches.