Oncological and non-oncological diseases, such as macular degeneration, esophageal and lung cancer, basal cell carcinoma, keratoses, bacterial, fungal, viral, immunological, or inflammatory infections, chronic wounds, and photorejuvenation in cosmetology, are all examples of conditions that can be treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), which has been extensively researched and extensively documented. The deadly impact of hyperactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals, is the foundation of photodynamic therapy (PDT). These highly reactive oxygen species are produced by the transfer of energy and/or electrons from a photoexcited oxygen sensitizer. Direct cell death or inflammation, damage to tumor vessels, and an immunological response associated with leukocyte stimulation and the release of interleukins and other cytokines, growth factors, complement components, acute-phase proteins, and other immunoregulators are the three primary mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The third volume of this Special Issue will address all elements of photodynamic therapy (PDT), including the discovery of novel natural and synthetic photosensitizers, biomaterials and nanotechnology, clinical trials, and investigations conducted in vitro and in vivo. Through the publication of this Reprint, the field of photodynamic treatment will be strengthened and additional study will be stimulated.

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