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This Special Issue examines the intersection of NLP, semantic networks, and sentiment analysis, exploring how these technologies can contribute to more intelligent systems. The contributions gathered address, among other topics, the detection of irony and sarcasm, the generation of semantic explanations, the automatic construction of semantic graphs, the expansion of linguistic resources for underrepresented languages, and the use of large language models. Ultimately, this Special Issue aims not only to reflect the state of the art in the areas above but also to stimulate critical reflection on the methodological challenges, ethical implications, and interdisciplinary opportunities that arise at the intersection of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence.