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Optical wireless communication (OWC) is an innovative technology that combines the advantages of optical fiber and radio frequency (RF) communication, enabling high-speed broadband wireless data transmission without the requirement for licensing the used optical frequency band. As a result, there is a significant increase in interest in developing OWC technologies for a range of wireless applications, such as indoor visible light communications (VLC), underwater OWC, and space communications.

While significant progress has been made in developing OWC related technologies over the past decade, many critical challenges remain unsolved or require further advancement. This Reprint of the Special Issue published by Photonics aims to address some of the ongoing challenges in OWC by presenting a collection of 16 peer-reviewed articles. The contributions come from research institutions and universities across nine countries, including Australia, Belgium, China, Japan, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Spain, and Ecuador, reflecting the global interest and collaborative effort to advance this field.