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Drug resistance is a critical challenge in microbiology and onco-hematology, still representing a global threat to human health.

More than half a century passed from the famous Luria-Delbrück fluctuation test, which demonstrated the development of bacterial resistance to phages. Nevertheless, Salvador Luria's pioneering work on drug resistance remains remarkably contemporary. Indeed, the scientific community continues to explore new strategies to hinder resistant pathogens spreading, as well as to optimize anticancer therapies to improve patients' quality of life.

Hence, the studies of Luria, Delbrück, and Hershey not only led to a Nobel Prize, but traced a new path in molecular genetics, which is still followed nowadays by scientists all over the world. This reprinted Special Issue, launched by Biomedicines Journal in honor of Prof. Salvador Luria, collects key contributions in drug resistance management, aiming to catch the latest advancements in this enticing research field.