Blackwells Underground Clinical Vignettes: Behavioral Science, third edition is your primary source for clinically relevant, case-based material essential for Step 1 review. Each Clinical Vignette presents approximately 100 cases with over 1000 classic buzzwords in Hx, PE, lab, imaging, pathology and treatment.
The revised editions contain: · High-yield updates to nearly every case · Links to Basic Science and Clinical Science Color Atlas · New Cases on commonly tested USMLE topics
ID/CC-A 30-year-old man who is known to have full-blown AIDS presents with tremor, ataxia, memory loss, and both visual and auditory hallucinations.
HPI-He has no history of seizures, fever, neck stiffness, or vomiting.
PE-No focal neurologic signs; fundus normal; no meningeal signs.
Labs-LP: normal proteins in CSF; normal glucose. India ink staining negative (rule out cryptococcal meningitis); VDRL nonreactive (rule out neurosyphilis).
Imaging-MR, brain: bright spots (on T2 weighted); cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation.
Gross Pathology-Diffuse leukoencephalopathy with enlargement of cortical sulci and ventricles.
Micro Pathology-N/A
Treatment-Antiretroviral therapy such as zidovudine may improve neuropsychiatric symptoms; no definitive treatment available.
Discussion-AIDS dementia complex is characterized by a progressive dementia, psychomotor abnormalities, focal motor abnormalities, and behavioral changes. Clinical manifestations of this disorder are found in at least two-thirds of patients with AIDS. However, neurologic manifestations in the HIV-infected individual may be associated with CNS disease caused by such organisms as Cryptococcus neoformans, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum, and JC virus (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) as well as with B-cell lymphoma.