Understanding Corruption: Traditional and Legal Rational Norms

Neelambar Hatti and Mason Hoadley the editors of this volume, have brought together scholars specializing in different parts of the world to give us a comparative understanding of the persistence of corruption in some societies. The reader is privileged to learn from the many global variations that are skilfully presented for further analyses. Corruption is a salient feature of human condition in any organized society. Further, where risks are low and the returns high, corruption is almost inevitable. Apart from this, traditional public behaviour comes precariously close to what in the West might amount to corrupt practices. Bureaucratic corruption should be understood in the light of a clash of morality on the one hand and legality on the other. There is a contradiction between traditional values, which are held in respect and are a part of everyday life of a people, and norms of the larger society which stand out as compelling forces. The idea of the modern division between the public and private office is alien to a traditional culture and corruption finds space when this division is not strictly observed. Seven essays in this volume cover a range of countries which include India, South Africa, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, and Indonesia. As the essays unfold themselves, the problem of corruption takes on an added dimension, that of a legacy left behind by colonialism. Contents: Contributors || Preface || Acknowledgements || 1. Introduction Mason C. Hoadley and Neelambar Hatti Causes Consequences Remedies 2. Duality of Corrupt Behaviour. Traditional norms versus Weberian forms Mason C. Hoadley &Neelambar Hatti Introduction Weberian model Characteristics of Modern Bureaucracy ‘Political arena’ expectations Third World Corruption An approach to corruption Loyalty Middlemen/Go-betweens Bazaar Public-private Enforcement and political will Limits to Corruption? Conclusion 3. Fish Rots from the Head: Duality of Corrupt Behaviour in South Africa (2009–18) LereAmusan Introduction Corruption in Weberian and Traditional Norms ‘State Capture’ and Cadre Deployment between 2009 and 2018 Multinational Corporations and Corruption State Capture and its Impact on Employment and Food Security Conclusion and Recommendations 4. The Clash of Morality and Legality: Interrogating Bureaucratic Corruption in Nigeria OgundiyaIlufoyeSarafa and JimohAmzat Introduction Bureaucratic Corruption: A Conceptual and Theoretical Exploration Bureaucratic Corruption in Context Bureaucratic Corruption and Its Aftermath Clean-Up Strategies and Anti-graft Policies Conclusion 5. Public-Private Sector Corruption in Zimbabwe during the First Republic, 1980–2017 Mark Nyandoro Introduction Max Weber on Political or Bureaucratic Corruption (Weberian model) ‘Political arena’ expectations Corruption: Anthropological Theory of de George and Encounters between African and Non-African Cultures Corruption in Africa and Public-Private Sleaze in Zimbabwe during the First Republic Conclusion 6. Corruption Eradication Efforts and its Actors’ Resistance in the Era of Reformationof Indonesia Leo Agustino Preface Anti-Corruption Institutions in Indonesia: from BAPEKAN to KPK The Roots of Corruption in Indonesia: From Integrity Issues to High Cost Politics The Role of KPK in Efforts to Eradicate Corruption Resistance to the Corruption Eradication Commission Conclusion 7. Enactment and Enforcement of Anti-Corruption in India Firoz Khan & Ramaswamy Sudarshan Introduction Anti-Corruption under British Rule in India Origin of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Post-Independence Anti-Corruption Developments The Central Vigilance Commission The Central Bureau of Investigation Anti-Corruption Legislation Offences and Penalties under the PCA (1988) Other anti-corruption laws that are in force in India include A Critical Appraisal of India’s Anti-Corruption Laws Appraisal of the CVC and CBI Performance The Lokpal and Lokayuta Act 2013: A Saga of Several Decades The Little Done and Vast Undone Conclu.